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In this paper, we mainly discuss the separability of $n$-partite quantum states from elements of density matrices. Practical separability criteria for different classes of $n$-qubit and $n$-qudit quantum states are obtained. Some of them…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-06 Ting Gao , Yan Hong

We study geometrical aspects of entanglement, with the Hilbert--Schmidt norm defining the metric on the set of density matrices. We focus first on the simplest case of two two-level systems and show that a ``relativistic'' formulation leads…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Jon Magne Leinaas , Jan Myrheim , Eirik Ovrum

We give a complete, hierarchic classification for arbitrary multi-qubit mixed states based on the separability properties of certain partitions. We introduce a family of N-qubit states to which any arbitrary state can be depolarized. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 W. Dür , J. I. Cirac

A new quantum mechanical notion -- Conditional Density Matrix -- is discussed and is applied to describe some physical processes. This notion is a natural generalization of von Neumann density matrix for such processes as divisions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. V. Belokurov , O. A. Khrustalev , V. A. Sadovnichy , O. D. Timofeevskaya

We introduce algebriac sets in the products of complex projective spaces for multipartite mixed states, which are independent of their eigenvalues and only measure the "position" of their eigenvectors, as their non-local invariants (ie.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hao Chen

In this paper, we discuss the partial separability and its criteria problems of multipartite qubit mixed-states. First we strictly define what is the partial separability of a multipartite qubit system. Next we give a reduction way from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Zai-Zhe Zhong

Every choice of an orthonormal frame in the d-dimensional Hilbert space of a system corresponds to one set of all mutually commuting density matrices or, equivalently, a classical statistical state space of the system; the quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-20 Rajeev Singh , Ravi Kunjwal , R. Simon

Hypergraph states are a special kind of multipartite states encoded by hypergraphs relevant in quantum error correction, measurement--based quantum computation, quantum non locality and entanglement. In a series of two papers, we introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Roberto Zucchini

A mixed quantum state is represented by a Hermitian positive semi-definite operator $\rho$ with unit trace. The positivity requirement is responsible for a highly nontrivial geometry of the set of quantum states. A known way to satisfy this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-18 N. Il'in , E. Shpagina , F. Uskov , O. Lychkovskiy

Motivated by applications in background-independent quantum gravity, we discuss the quantization of labeled and unlabeled finite multigraphs with a maximum edge count. We provide a unified way to represent quantum multigraphs with labeled…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Kassahun H. Betre , Nathan Lewis

We show that the (normalized) symmetric Laplacian of a simple graph can be obtained from the partial trace over a pure bipartite quantum state that resides in a bipartite Hilbert space (one part corresponding to the vertices, the other…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-08 David E. Simmons , Justin P. Coon , Animesh Datta

One of the most central and controversial element of quantum mechanics is the use of non zero vectors of a Hilbert space (or, more generally, of one dimension subspaces) for representing the state of a quantum system. In particular, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Olivier Brunet

In quantum physics, multiparticle systems are described by quantum states acting on tensor products of Hilbert spaces. This product structure leads to the distinction between product states and entangled states; moreover, one can quantify…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Lisa T. Weinbrenner , Albert Rico , Kenneth Goodenough , Xiao-Dong Yu , Otfried Gühne

Bi-partite entanglement in multi-qubit systems cannot be shared freely. The rules of quantum mechanics impose bounds on how multi-qubit systems can be correlated. In this paper we utilize a concept of entangled graphs with weighted edges in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Martin Plesch , Jaroslav Novotny , Zuzana Dzurakova , Vladimir Buzek

Graph states represent a significant class of multi-partite entangled quantum states with applications in quantum error correction, quantum communication, and quantum computation. In this work, we introduce a novel formalism called the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Sameer Sharma

Detecting genuine multipartite entanglement (GME) is a state-characterization task that benchmarks coherence and experimental control in quantum systems. Existing GME tests often require joint measurements on many qubits, posing challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Nicky Kai Hong Li , Xi Dai , Manuel H. Muñoz-Arias , Kevin Reuer , Marcus Huber , Nicolai Friis

Quantum discord refers to an important aspect of quantum correlations for bipartite quantum systems. In our earlier works we have shown that corresponding to every graph (combinatorial) there are quantum states whose properties are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-20 Supriyo Dutta , Bibhas Adhikari , Subhashish Banerjee

The tomographic description of a quantum state is formulated in an abstract infinite dimensional Hilbert space framework, the space of the Hilbert-Schmidt linear operators, with trace formula as scalar product. Resolutions of the unity,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. I. Man'ko , G. Marmo , A. Simoni , F. Ventriglia

The definition of a quantum system requires a Hilbert space, a way to define the dynamics, and an algebra of observables. The structure of the observable algebra is related to a tensor product decomposition of the Hilbert space and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-22 Gabriel M. Carral , Iñaki Garay , Francesca Vidotto

We establish a systematic classification scheme for multipartite entanglement structures. We define Sperner states -- a broad class of states where apparent multipartite entanglement decomposes into fewer-partite entanglement among…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Xin-Xiang Ju , Ya-Wen Sun , Yang Zhao