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In a recent paper it was shown that if a Hamiltonian H has an unbroken PT symmetry, then it also possesses a hidden symmetry represented by the linear operator C. The operator C commutes with both H and PT. The inner product with respect to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Carl M. Bender , Peter N. Meisinger , Qinghai Wang

To determine the Hilbert space and inner product for a quantum theory defined by a non-Hermitian $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Hamiltonian $H$, it is necessary to construct a new time-independent observable operator called $C$. It has recently…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Carl M. Bender , Hugh F. Jones

Recently, much research has been carried out on Hamiltonians that are not Hermitian but are symmetric under space-time reflection, that is, Hamiltonians that exhibit PT symmetry. Investigations of the Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problem…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Carl M. Bender , Dorje C. Brody , Lane P. Hughston , Bernhard K. Meister

It has recently been shown that a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian H possessing an unbroken PT symmetry (i) has a real spectrum that is bounded below, and (ii) defines a unitary theory of quantum mechanics with positive norm. The proof of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Carl M. Bender , Dorje C. Brody , Hugh F. Jones

The Hamiltonian H specifies the energy levels and the time evolution of a quantum theory. It is an axiom of quantum mechanics that H be Hermitian because Hermiticity guarantees that the energy spectrum is real and that the time evolution is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-07 Carl M. Bender , Joachim Brod , Andre Refig , Moritz Reuter

A non-Hermitian Hamiltonian has a real positive spectrum and exhibits unitary time evolution if the Hamiltonian possesses an unbroken PT (space-time reflection) symmetry. The proof of unitarity requires the construction of a linear operator…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Carl M. Bender , Sebastian F. Brandt , Jun-Hua Chen , Qinghai Wang

It is necessary to calculate the C operator for the non-Hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonian H=\half p^2+\half\mu^2x^2-\lambda x^4 in order to demonstrate that H defines a consistent unitary theory of quantum mechanics. However, the C…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Carl M. Bender , Dorje C. Brody , Hugh F. Jones

A new version of an elementary PT-symmetric square well quantum model is proposed in which a certain Hermiticity-violating end-point interaction leaves the spectrum real in a large domain of couplings $\lambda\in (-1,1)$. Within this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-13 Miloslav Znojil , Miloš Tater

It is shown that, in the framework of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, any conserved Hermitian operator (which may depend explicitly on the time) is the generator of a one-parameter group of unitary symmetries of the Hamiltonian and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-19 G. F. Torres del Castillo , J. E. Herrera Flores

Within CPT-symmetric quantum mechanics the most elementary differential form of the charge operator C is assumed. A closed-form integrability of the related coupled differential self-consistency conditions and a natural embedding of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-05-18 Emanuela Caliceti , Francesco Cannata , Miloslav Znojil , Alberto Ventura

The C operator in PT-symmetric quantum mechanics satisfies a system of three simultaneous algebraic operator equations, $C^2=1$, $[C,PT]=0$, and $[C,H]=0$. These equations are difficult to solve exactly, so perturbative methods have been…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 Carl M. Bender , Mariagiovanna Gianfreda

To find the discrete symmetries of a Hamilton operator $\hat H$ is of central importance in quantum theory. Here we describe and implement a brute force method to determine the discrete symmetries given by permutation matrices for Hamilton…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2013-05-10 Willi-Hans Steeb , Yorick Hardy

The three simultaneous algebraic equations, $C^2=1$, $[C,PT]=0$, $[C,H]=0$, which determine the $C$ operator for a non-Hermitian $PT$-symmetric Hamiltonian $H$, are shown to have a nonunique solution. Specifically, the $C$ operator for the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-07-24 Carl M. Bender , S. P. Klevansky

Two non-Hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonian systems are reconsidered by means of the algebraic method which was originally proposed for the pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems rather than for the PT-symmetric ones. Compared with the way…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-17 Jun-Qing Li , Qian Li , Yan-Gang Miao

Let $C$ be a conjugation on a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$. A densely defined linear operator $A$ on $\mathcal{H}$ is called $C$-symmetric if $CAC\subseteq A^*$ and $C$-self-adjoint if $CAC=A^*$. Our main results describe all…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Yury Arlinskii , Konrad Schmüdgen

In a previous paper (arXiv:math-ph/0604055) we introduced a very simple PT-symmetric non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with real spectrum and derived a closed formula for the metric operator relating the problem to a Hermitian one. In this note we…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 David Krejcirik

It is shown that if the C operator for a PT-symmetric Hamiltonian with simple eigenvalues is not unique, then it is unbounded. Apart from the special cases of finite-matrix Hamiltonians and Hamiltonians generated by differential expressions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Carl M. Bender , Sergii Kuzhel

Most recently it has been observed e.g. by Bender and Klevansky (arXiv:0905.4673 [hep-th]) that the C-operator related to a PT-symmetric non-Hermitian Hamilton operator is not unique. Moreover it has been remarked by Shi and Sun…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-06-09 F. Kleefeld

For an invertible (bounded) linear operator Q acting in a Hilbert space ${\cal H}$, we consider the consequences of the QT-symmetry of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian $H:{\cal H}\to{\cal H}$ where T is the time-reversal operator. If H is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Ali Mostafazadeh

When several inequivalent supercharges form a closed superalgebra in Quantum Mechanics it entails the appearance of hidden symmetries of a Super-Hamiltonian. We examine this problem in one-dimensional QM for the case of periodic potentials…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-10 Alexander A. Andrianov , Andrey V. Sokolov
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