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We consider a single copy of a quantum particle moving in a potential and show that it is possible to monitor its complete wave function by only continuously measuring its position. While we assume that the potential is known, no…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Thomas Konrad , Andreas Rothe , Francesco Petruccione , Lajos Diósi

Even though measurement results obtained in the real world are generally both noisy and continuous, quantum measurement theory tends to emphasize the ideal limit of perfect precision and quantized measurement results. In this article, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 Holger F. Hofmann

The paper gives a systematic review of the basic ideas of (non-relativistic) quantum mechanics including all changes that result from previous work of the authors. This shows that the new theory is self-consistent and (in certain sense)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-24 Petr Hajicek , Jiri Tolar

During a continuous measurement, quantum systems can be described by a stochastic Schr\"odinger equation which, in the appropriate limit, reproduces the von Neumann wave-function collapse. The average behavior on the ensemble of all…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-30 Carlo Presilla , Ubaldo Tanbini

Novel concepts, perspectives and challenges in measuring and controlling an open quantum system via sequential schemes are shown. We discuss how similar protocols, relying both on repeated quantum measurements and dynamical decoupling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 Stefano Gherardini , Andrea Smirne , Matthias M. Müller , Filippo Caruso

This paper discusses work developed in recent years, in the domain of quantum optics, which has led to a better understanding of the classical limit of quantum mechanics. New techniques have been proposed, and experimentally demonstrated,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Luiz Davidovich

We develop the general quantum stochastic approach to the description of quantum measurements continuous in time. The framework, that we introduce, encompasses the various particular models for continuous-time measurements condsidered…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ole E. Barndorff-Nielsen , Elena R. Loubenets

The mechanism by which an effective macroscopic description of quantum measurement in terms of discrete, probabilistic collapse events emerges from the reversible microscopic dynamics remains an enduring open question. Emerging quantum…

The restricted-path-integral (RPI) theory of continuous quantum measurements including the evolution of the measured systems and phenomenon of decoherence is reviewed. The measured system is considered as an open quantum system but without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael B. Mensky

In ordinary, non-relativistic, quantum physics, time enters only as a parameter and not as an observable: a state of a physical system is specified at a given time and then evolved according to the prescribed dynamics. While the state can,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-13 Joseph Fitzsimons , Jonathan Jones , Vlatko Vedral

The dynamics of many open quantum systems are described by stochastic master equations. In the discrete-time case, we recall the structure of the derived quantum filter governing the evolution of the density operator conditioned to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-23 Pierre Six , Philippe Campagne-Ibarcq , Landry Bretheau , Benjamin Huard , Pierre Rouchon

This is an introduction to measure theory, integration and function spaces, with all the needed preliminaries included, and with some applications included as well. We first discuss some basic motivations, coming from discrete probability,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 Teo Banica

Thermodynamics is a highly successful macroscopic theory widely used across the natural sciences and for the construction of everyday devices, from car engines and fridges to power plants and solar cells. With thermodynamics predating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-07 Philipp Kammerlander , Janet Anders

Quantum sensing is one of the arenas that exemplifies the superiority of quantum technologies over their classical counterparts. Such superiority, however, can be diminished due to unavoidable noise and decoherence of the probe. Thus,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 V. Montenegro , M. G. Genoni , A. Bayat , M. G. A. Paris

The convenience of coherent state representation is discussed from the viewpoint of what is in a broad sense called the measurement problem in quantum mechanics. Standard quantum theory in coherent state representation is intrinsically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Lajos Diosi

Measurement-based quantum computation has emerged from the physics community as a new approach to quantum computation where the notion of measurement is the main driving force of computation. This is in contrast with the more traditional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-21 Vincent Danos , Elham Kashefi , Prakash Panangaden

In quantum sensing and metrology, an important class of measurement is the continuous linear measurement, in which the detector is coupled to the system of interest linearly and continuously in time. One key aspect involved is the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-26 Haixing Miao

In quantum mechanics, measurements are dynamical processes and thus they should be capable of inducing currents. The symmetries of the Hamiltonian and measurement operator provide an organizing principle for understanding the conditions for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-12 Luka Antonic , Yariv Kafri , Daniel Podolsky , Ari M. Turner

Weak quantum measurements enable real-time tracking and control of dynamical quantum systems, producing quantum trajectories -- evolutions of the quantum state of the system conditioned on measurement outcomes. For classical systems, the…

Microscopic quantum laws are time-symmetric: nothing in the Schr\"odinger equation or its relativistic extensions distinguishes future from past. Yet measurements produce irreversible records, an apparently one-way causal flow, and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Alejandro Frank