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The interpretation of the meaning of Quantum Mechanics has faced controversy since its inception. Bell's inequalities are a touchstone in this controversy. Their observed violation demonstrates that at least one of the hypotheses involved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Mónica Agüero , Juliana Bordieu , Alejandro Hnilo , Marcelo Kovalsky , Myriam Nonaka

This paper discusses a possible resolution of the nonobjectivity-nonlocality dilemma in quantum mechanics in 'the light of experimental tests of the Bell inequality for two entangled photons and a Bell-like inequality for a single neutron.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-30 Andrei Khrennikov

The 1964 theorem of John Bell shows that no model that reproduces the predictions of quantum mechanics can simultaneously satisfy the assumptions of locality and determinism. On the other hand, the assumptions of \emph{signal locality} plus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-25 Eric G. Cavalcanti , Howard M. Wiseman

This article shows that the there is no paradox. Violation of Bell's inequalities should not be identified with a proof of non locality in quantum mechanics. A number of past experiments is reviewed, and it is concluded that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-07-20 V. K. Ignatovich

'Locality' is a fraught word, even within the restricted context of Bell's theorem. As one of us has argued elsewhere, that is partly because Bell himself used the word with different meanings at different stages in his career. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-06 Mojtaba Ghadimi , Michael J. W. Hall , Howard M. Wiseman

Starting from the late 60's many experiments have been performed to verify the violation Bell's inequality by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) type correlations. The idea of these experiments being that: (i) Bell's inequality is a consequence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-25 Luigi Accardi , Massimo Regoli

Bell's theorem has fascinated physicists and philosophers since his 1964 paper, which was written in response to the 1935 paper of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen. Bell's theorem and its many extensions have led to the claim that quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-03 Stephen Boughn

Bell's theorem proves that quantum theory is inconsistent with local physical models. It has propelled research in the foundations of quantum theory and quantum information science. As a fundamental feature of quantum theory, it impacts…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-06 Armin Tavakoli , Alejandro Pozas-Kerstjens , Ming-Xing Luo , Marc-Olivier Renou

Bell's theorem of 1965 is a proof that all realistic interpretations of quantum mechanics must be non-local. Bell's theorem consists of two parts: first a correlation inequality is derived that must be satisfied by all local realistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Ardehali

Non-locality, or quantum-non-locality, are buzzwords in the community of quantum foundation and information scientists, which purportedly describe the implications of Bell's theorem. When such phrases are treated seriously, that is it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-23 Marek Zukowski

EPR showed that two particles emitted from a source can be entangled by a shared wavefunction where two non-commuting observables (position, momentum) can be simultaneously real, leading to a contradiction with quantum mechanics (two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Mafiz Uddin

Bell theorems show how to experimentally falsify local realism. Conclusive falsification is highly desirable as it would provide support for the most profoundly counterintuitive feature of quantum theory - nonlocality. Despite the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-22 Anne Broadbent , Hilary A. Carteret , Andre Allan Methot , Jonathan Walgate

The widespread claim that violations of Bell inequalities establish the nonlocality of nature is critically reexamined. It is argued that this conclusion is not logically compelled by either the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) argument or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Partha Ghose

Between 1964 and 1990, the notion of nonlocality in Bell's papers underwent a profound change as his nonlocality theorem gradually became detached from quantum mechanics, and referred to wider probabilistic theories involving correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-16 Harvey R. Brown , Christopher G. Timpson

I have been arguing that quantum nonlocality, deeply entrenched in the present formalism of quantum mechanics and widely believed as a reality by physicists, is in fact absent. Spooky nonlocal state reduction is the most, and perhaps the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C . S. Unnikrishnan

Bell's theorem is 50 years old. Still there is a controversy about its implications. Much of it has its roots in confusion regarding the premises from which the theorem can be derived. Some claim that a derivation of Bell's inequalities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-20 Marek Zukowski , Caslav Brukner

Locality and realism are two main assumptions in deriving Bell's inequalities. Though the experimentally demonstrated violations of Bell's inequalities rule out local realism, it is, however, not clear what role each of the two assumptions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Zeng-Bing Chen , Sixia Yu , Yong-De Zhang

Loophole-free experiments have demonstrated that at least one of three features is false when the violation of Bell's inequalities is observed: Locality, Realism or (what is lesser known) Ergodicity. An experiment is proposed to find out,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-09 Alejandro Hnilo

We analyse the proof of Bell's inequality and demonstrate that this inequality is related to one particular model of probability theory, namely Kolmogorov measure-theoretical axiomatics, 1933. We found a (numerical) statistical correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Andrei Khrennikov

Bell tests---the experimental demonstration of a Bell inequality violation---are central to understanding the foundations of quantum mechanics, underpin quantum technologies, and are a powerful diagnostic tool for technological developments…

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