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Related papers: Optimal estimation of quantum observables

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Measuring the state of quantum computers is a highly non-trivial task, with implications for virtually all quantum algorithms. We propose a novel scheme where identical copies of a quantum state are measured jointly so that all Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Rick P. A. Simon , Zheng Shi , Charlie Nation , Andrew Jena , Luca Dellantonio

Given a large number N of copies of a qubit state of which we wish to estimate its purity, we prove that separable-measurement protocols can be as efficient as the optimal joint-measurement one if classical communication is used. This shows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 E. Bagan , M. A. Ballester , R. Munoz-Tapia , O. Romero-Isart

Quantum algorithms designed for realistic quantum many-body systems, such as chemistry and materials, usually require a large number of measurements of the Hamiltonian. Exploiting different ideas, such as {importance sampling,} observable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 Bujiao Wu , Jinzhao Sun , Qi Huang , Xiao Yuan

Unitary errors, such as those arising from fault-tolerant compilation of quantum algorithms, systematically bias observable estimates. Correcting this bias typically requires additional resources, such as an increased number of non-Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Dmitrii Khitrin , Kenneth R. Brown , Abhinav Anand

Experimental determination of an unknown quantum state usually requires several incompatible measurements. However, it is also possible to determine the full quantum state from a single, repeated measurement. For this purpose, the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-03-25 Xinhua Peng , Jiangfeng Du , Dieter Suter

We derive an optimal bound on the sum of entropic uncertainties of two or more observables when they are sequentially measured on the same ensemble of systems. This optimal bound is shown to be greater than or equal to the bounds derived in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. D. Srinivas

Quantum measurements are not deterministic. For this reason quantum measurements are repeated for a number of shots on identically prepared systems. The uncertainty in each measurement depends on the number of shots and the expected outcome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Pieter Thijs Eendebak

Knowledge of optimal quantum measurements is important for a wide range of situations, including quantum communication and quantum metrology. Quantum measurements are usually optimised with an ideal experimental realisation in mind. Real…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Erika Andersson

A key concept of quantum information theory is that accessing information encoded in a quantum system requires us to discriminate between several possible states the system could be in. A natural generalization of this problem, namely,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-07 Tathagata Gupta , Shayeef Murshid , Vincent Russo , Somshubhro Bandyopadhyay

We discuss the problem of finding the best measurement strategy for estimating the value of a quantum system parameter. In general the optimum quantum measurement, in the sense that it maximizes the quantum Fisher information and hence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-07 Esteban Martinez , Carlos Pineda , François Leyvraz , Pablo Barberis-Blostein

The measurement postulate of quantum theory stands in conflict with the laws of thermodynamics and has evoked debate regarding what actually constitutes a measurement. With the help of modern quantum statistical mechanics, we take the first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Emanuel Schwarzhans , Felix C. Binder , Marcus Huber , Maximilian P. E. Lock

Quantum simulators are widely seen as one of the most promising near-term applications of quantum technologies. However, it remains unclear to what extent a noisy device can output reliable results in the presence of unavoidable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-17 Pablo M. Poggi , Nathan K. Lysne , Kevin W. Kuper , Ivan H. Deutsch , Poul S. Jessen

Joint or simultaneous measurements of non-commuting quantum observables are possible at the cost of increased unsharpness or measurement uncertainty. Many different criteria exist for defining what an "optimal" joint measurement is, with…

Measurements in many-body quantum systems can generate non-trivial phenomena, such as preparation of long-range entangled states, dynamical phase transitions, or measurement-altered criticality. Here, we introduce a new measurement scheme…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Alexey Milekhin , Sara Murciano

We consider the problem of discriminating qubit states that are sent over a quantum channel and derive a necessary and sufficient condition for an optimal measurement to be preserved by the channel. We apply the result to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-07 Spiros Kechrimparis , Joonwoo Bae

We construct optimal measurements, achieving the ultimate precision predicted by quantum theory, for the simultaneous estimation of centroid, separation, and relative intensities of two incoherent point sources using a linear optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 J. Rehacek , Z. Hradil , D. Koutny , J. Grover , A. Krzic , L. L. Sanchez-Soto

We discuss a generalized quantum microcanonical ensemble. It describes isolated systems that are not necessarily in an eigenstate of the Hamilton operator. Statistical averages are obtained by a combination of a time average and a maximum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jan Naudts , Erik Van der Straeten

Obtaining the expectation value of an observable on a quantum computer is a crucial step in the variational quantum algorithms. For complicated observables such as molecular electronic Hamiltonians, a common strategy is to present the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 Tzu-Ching Yen , Aadithya Ganeshram , Artur F. Izmaylov

The accurate estimation of observables is a crucial task in quantum computing. Recent advances have highlighted the need for (a) specialized protocols for qudit-based devices, that include (b) error-aware strategies. Here, we present…

We extend the concept of probabilistic unambiguous discrimination of quantum states to quantum state estimation. We consider a scenario where the measurement device can output either an estimate of the unknown input state or an inconclusive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jaromir Fiurasek