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Deterministic discrimination of nonorthogonal states is forbidden by quantum measurement theory. However, if we do not want to succeed all the time, i.e. allow for inconclusive outcomes to occur, then unambiguous discrimination becomes…
In this paper we consider the problem of constructing measurements optimized to distinguish between a collection of possibly non-orthogonal quantum states. We consider a collection of pure states and seek a positive operator-valued measure…
We demonstrate optimal state estimation for a cavity optomechanical system through Kalman filtering. By taking into account nontrivial experimental noise sources, such as colored laser noise and spurious mechanical modes, we implement a…
The minimum error discrimination problem for ensembles of linearly independent pure states are known to have an interesting structure; for such a given ensemble the optimal POVM is given by the pretty good measurment of another ensemble…
Many quantum measurements, such as photodetection, can be destructive. In photodetection, when the detector clicks a photon has been absorbed and destroyed. Yet the lack of a click also gives information about the presence or absence of a…
The discrimination of non-orthogonal quantum states with reduced or without errors is a fundamental task in quantum measurement theory. In this work, we investigate a quantum measurement strategy capable of discriminating two coherent…
Identification of nonorthogonal quantum states without error is crucial for various applications in quantum information technology, as well as the foundations of quantum physics. Theoretical studies have proposed measurements that maximize…
We characterize the asymptotic performance of a class of positive operator valued measurements (POVMs) where the only task is to make measurements on independent and identically distributed quantum states on finite-dimensional systems. The…
We propose a measurement theory for quantum fields based on measurements made with localized non-relativistic systems that couple covariantly to quantum fields (like the Unruh-DeWitt detector). Concretely, we analyze the positive…
Precision measurement of non-linear observables is an important goal in all facets of quantum optics. This allows measurement-based non-classical state preparation, which has been applied to great success in various physical systems, and…
Quantum threshold theorems impose hard limits on the hardware capabilities to process quantum information. We derive tight and fundamental upper bounds to loss-tolerance thresholds in different linear-optical quantum information processing…
Similarly to quantum states, also quantum measurements can be "mixed", corresponding to a random choice within an ensemble of measuring apparatuses. Such mixing is equivalent to a sort of hidden variable, which produces a noise of purely…
A universal and optimal method for the polarimetry of light with arbitrary photon statistics is presented. The method is based on the continuous maximum-likelihood positive operator-valued measure (ML-POVM) for pure polarization states over…
We consider the general measurement scenario in which the ensemble average of an operator is determined via suitable data-processing of the outcomes of a quantum measurement described by a POVM. After reviewing the optimization of data…
Von Neumann projections are the main operations by which information can be extracted from the quantum to the classical realm. They are however static processes that do not adapt to the states they measure. Advances in the field of adaptive…
Quantum state tomography seeks to reconstruct an unknown state from measurement statistics. A finite measurement (POVM) is \emph{pure-state informationally complete} (PSI-Complete) if the outcome probabilities determine any pure state up to…
Positive operator valued measures (POVMs) are presented that allow an unknown pure state of a spin-1 particle to be determined with optimal fidelity when 2 to 5 copies of that state are available. Optimal POVMs are also presented for a…
We propose a multi-channel version of quantum electro-optic sampling involving monochromatic field modes. It allows for multiple simultaneous measurements of arbitrarily many $\hat{X}$ and $\hat{Y}$ field-quadrature for a single…
We report an alternative scheme for implementing generalized quantum measurements that does not require the usage of auxiliary system. Our method utilizes solely: (a) classical randomness and post-processing, (b) projective measurements on…
As a modern approach for the foundation of quantum theory, existing studies of General Probabilistic Theories gave various models of states and measurements that are quite different from quantum theory. In this paper, to seek a more…