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Gottesman, Kitaev and Preskill have formulated a way of encoding a qubit into an oscillator such that the qubit is protected against small shifts (translations) in phase space. The idea underlying this encoding is that error processes of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-20 B. M. Terhal , D. Weigand

Gottesman, Kitaev and Preskill have proposed a scheme to encode a qubit in a harmonic oscillator, which is called the GKP code. It is designed to be resistant to small shift errors contained in momentum and position quadratures. Thus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-02 Yang Wang

Quantum error-correcting codes are constructed that embed a finite-dimensional code space in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of a system described by continuous quantum variables. These codes exploit the noncommutative geometry of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 Daniel Gottesman , Alexei Kitaev , John Preskill

I present a new approach for designing quantum error-correcting codes that guarantees a physically natural implementation of Clifford operations. Inspired by the scheme put forward by Gottesman, Kitaev, and Preskill for encoding a qubit in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Jonathan A. Gross

Quantum bits are more robust to noise when they are encoded non-locally. In such an encoding, errors affecting the underlying physical system can then be detected and corrected before they corrupt the encoded information. In 2001,…

The stable operation of quantum computers will rely on error-correction, in which single quantum bits of information are stored redundantly in the Hilbert space of a larger system. Such encoded qubits are commonly based on arrays of many…

The most general method for encoding quantum information is not to encode the information into a subspace of a Hilbert space, but to encode information into a subsystem of a Hilbert space. Recently this notion has led to a more general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-01-22 Dave Bacon

In this paper, we describe and experimentally demonstrate an error detection scheme that does not employ ancilla qubits or mid-circuit measurements. This is achieved by expanding the Hilbert space where a single logical qubit is encoded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Nicolas J. Guerrero , David E. Weeks

It is often assumed that the ancilla qubits required for encoding a qubit in quantum error correction (QEC) have to be in pure states, $|00...0>$ for example. In this letter, we seek an encoding scheme, in which the ancillae may be in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-21 Yasushi Kondo , Chiara Bagnasco , Mikio Nakahara

We propose a scheme for encoding many qubits in a single rotor, that is, a continuous and periodic degree of freedom. A key feature of this scheme is its ability to manipulate and entangle the encoded qubits with a single operation on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Amir Kalev , Philippe Raynal , Jun Suzuki , Berthold-Georg Englert

The implementation of error correction protocols is a central challenge in the development of practical quantum information technologies. Recently, multi-level quantum resources such as harmonic oscillators and qudits have attracted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-20 Sumin Lim , Junjie Liu , Arzhang Ardavan

A quantum system interacts with its environment, if ever so slightly, no matter how much care is put into isolating it. As a consequence, quantum bits (qubits) undergo errors, putting dauntingly difficult constraints on the hardware…

Both discrete and continuous systems can be used to encode quantum information. Most quantum computation schemes propose encoding qubits in two-level systems, such as a two-level atom or an electron spin. Others exploit the use of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-18 Hilma Vasconcelos , Liliana Sanz , Scott Glancy

Most quantum error correcting codes are predicated on the assumption that there exists a reservoir of qubits in the state $\ket{0}$, which can be used as ancilla qubits to prepare multi-qubit logical states. In this report, we examine the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-30 Ben Criger , Osama Moussa , Raymond Laflamme

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) algorithms require novel paradigms of error mitigation. To obtain noise-robust quantum computers, each logical qubit is equipped with hundreds or thousands of physical qubits. However, it is not…

A logical qubit is a two-dimensional subspace of a higher dimensional system, chosen such that it is possible to detect and correct the occurrence of certain errors. Manipulation of the encoded information generally requires arbitrary and…

Reliable quantum information processing in the face of errors is a major fundamental and technological challenge. Quantum error correction protects quantum states by encoding a logical quantum bit (qubit) in multiple physical qubits. To be…

To improve the efficiency of the encoding and the decoding is the important problem in the quantum error correction. In a preceding work, a general algorithm for decoding the stabilizer code is shown. This paper will show an decoding which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kenichiro Furuta

The physical symmetries of a system play a central role in quantum error correction. In this work we encode a qubit in a collection of systems with angular-momentum symmetry (spins), extending the tools developed in Phys. Rev. Lett. 127,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Sivaprasad Omanakuttan , Jonathan A. Gross

Qudits can be described by a state vector in a $q$-dimensional Hilbert space, enabling a more extensive encoding and manipulation of information compared to qubits. This implies that conducting fault-tolerant quantum computations using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 James Keppens , Quinten Eggerickx , Vukan Levajac , George Simion , Bart Sorée
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