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Quantum gravity (or quantum spacetime) is to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics into a single theoretical framework and presented as the most important open puzzle in fundamental physics. The development of a microscopic theory…

General Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Su-Peng Kou

We discuss the dynamics of a classical spinless quantum particle carrying electric charge and constrained to move on a non singular static surface in ordinary three dimensional space in the presence of arbitrary configurations of time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 B. Jensen , R. Dandoloff

This thesis contains an analysis of the problem of time in quantum cosmology and its application to a cosmological minisuperspace model. In the first part, we introduce the problem of time and the theoretical foundations. In the second…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-18 Lucía Menéndez-Pidal

We live in a 3+1 space-time that is intended as a description of the universe with three space dimensions and one time dimension. Space-time dimensionality seems so natural that it is rarely criticized. Experiments and the highly successful…

General Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Giorgio Fontana

The five-dimensional loop quantum Kaluza-Klein cosmology is constructed based on the symmetric reduction of the connection formulation of the full theory. Through semiclassical analysis, the effective scalar constraint for the cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-20 Shengzhi Li , Yongge Ma , Faqiang Yuan , Xiangdong Zhang

We study the phase space structure and the quantization of a pointlike particle in 2+1 dimensional gravity. By adding boundary terms to the first order Einstein Hilbert action, and removing all redundant gauge degrees of freedom, we arrive…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Hans-Juergen Matschull , Max Welling

Here we consider an integral equation describing a fixed number of scalar particles which interact not through boson exchange but directly along light cones, similarly as in bound state equations such as the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-03-20 Matthias Lienert , Markus Nöth

We argue that theories of quantum gravity constructed with the help of (Causal) Dynamical Triangulations have given us the most informative, quantitative models to date of quantum spacetime. Most importantly, these are derived dynamically…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 J. Ambjorn , S. Jordan , J. Jurkiewicz , R. Loll

In this paper an alternative theory about space-time is given. First some preliminaries about 3-dimensional time and the reasons for its introduction are presented. Alongside the 3-dimensional space (S) the 3-dimensional space of spatial…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Kostadin Trencevski

Motivated by the conduction properties of graphene discovered and studied in the last decades, we consider the quantum dynamics of a massless, charged, spin 1/2 relativistic particle in three dimensional space-time, in the presence of an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-12-24 Ivan Morales , Bruno Neves , Zui Oporto , Olivier Piguet

We outline that, in a Kaluza-Klein framework, not only the electro-magnetic field can be geometrized, but also the dynamics of a charged spinning particle can be inferred from the motion in a 5-dimensional space-time. This result is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Francesco Cianfrani , Irene Milillo , Giovanni Montani

Quantum field theory successfully explains the origin of all fundamental forces except gravity due to the renormalizability problem. In this paper, we proposed a topological scenario to understand this puzzle. First, we proposed a $3+1$D…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-04-11 Zheng-Cheng Gu

Three of the big puzzles of theoretical physics are the following: (i) There is apparently no time evolution in the dynamics of quantum general relativity, because the allowed quantum states must obey the Hamiltonian constraint. (ii) During…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-29 Shreya Banerjee , Sayantani Bera , Tejinder P. Singh

Quantum theory is extremely successful in explaining most physical phenomena, and is not contradicted by any experiment. Yet, the theory has many puzzling features : the occurrence of probabilities, the unclear distinction between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-07 T. P. Singh

As part of a probabilistic reconstruction of quantum theory (QT), we show that spin is not a purely quantum mechanical phenomenon, as has long been assumed. Rather, this phenomenon occurs before the transition to QT takes place, namely in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Ulf Klein

The time-evolution equation of a one-dimensional quantum walker is exactly mapped to the three-dimensional Weyl equation for a zero-mass particle with spin 1/2, in which each wave number k of walker's wave function is mapped to a point…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Makoto Katori , Soichi Fujino , Norio Konno

A classical dynamical system in a four-dimensional Euclidean space with universal time is considered. The space is hypothesized to be originally occupied by a uniform substance, pictured as a liquid, which at some time became supercooled.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-06-19 Michael Grady

We propose a possible answer to one of the most exciting open questions in physics and cosmology, that is the question why we seem to experience four- dimensional space-time with three ordinary and one time dimensions. We have known for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 N. Mankoc Borstnik , H. B. Nielsen

We propose in this paper a new approach to the Kaluza-Klein idea of a five dimensional space-time unifying gravitation and electromagnetism, and extension to higher-dimensional space-time. By considering a natural geometric definition of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-17 Stephane Collion , Michel Vaugon

In quantum mechanics the time dimension is treated as a parameter, while the three space dimensions are treated as observables. This assumption is both untested and inconsistent with relativity. From dimensional analysis, we expect quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-27 John Ashmead