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Ever since entanglement was identified as a computational and cryptographic resource, researchers have sought efficient ways to tell whether a given density matrix represents an unentangled, or separable, state. This paper gives the first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lawrence M. Ioannou

Separability of quantum states is analyzed with the use of the Choi-Jamiolkowski isomorphism. Spectral separability criteria are derived. The presented approach is illustrated with various examples, among which a separable decomposition of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-06 K. V. Antipin

Quantum mechanics is already 100 years old, but remains alive and full of challenging open problems. On one hand, the problems encountered at the frontiers of modern theoretical physics like Quantum Gravity, String Theories, etc. concern…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-21 M. Lewenstein , D. Bruss , J. I. Cirac , B. Kraus , M. Kus , J. Samsonowicz , A. Sanpera , R. Tarrach

We address two sets of long-standing open questions in probability theory, from a computational complexity perspective: divisibility of stochastic maps, and divisibility and decomposability of probability distributions. We prove that finite…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-04-20 Johannes Bausch , Toby Cubitt

We show that pure states of multipartite quantum systems are multiseparable (i.e. give separable density matrices on tracing any party) if and only if they have a generalized Schmidt decomposition. Implications of this result for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Ashish V. Thapliyal

The Schmidt decomposition is an important tool in the study of quantum systems especially for the quantification of the entanglement of pure states. However, the Schmidt decomposition is only unique for bipartite pure states, and some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-02-04 Mark S. Byrd , Gavin K. Brennen

A decomposition form is introduced in this report to establish a criterion for the bi-partite separability of Bell diagonal states. A such criterion takes a quadratic form of the coefficients of a given Bell diagonal states and can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-29 Ming-Chung Tsai , Po-Chung Chen , Wei-Chi Su , Zheng-Yao Su

Exploiting the cone structure of the set of unnormalized mixed quantum states, we offer an approach to detect separability independently of the dimensions of the subsystems. We show that any mixed quantum state can be decomposed as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-19 D. Salgado , J. L. Sanchez-Gomez , M. Ferrero

For two qubits and for general bipartite quantum systems, we give a simple spectral condition in terms of the ordered eigenvalues of the density matrix which guarantees that the corresponding state is separable.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. E. Gabach Clement , G. A. Raggio

We study families of positive and completely positive maps acting on a bipartite system $\mathbb{C}^M\otimes \mathbb{C}^N$ (with $M\leq N$). The maps have a property that when applied to any state (of a given entanglement class) they result…

The detection of entanglement in a bipartite state is a crucial issue in quantum information science. Based on realignment of density matrices and the vectorization of the reduced density matrices, we introduce a new set of separability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-09 Yu Lu , Zhong-Xi Shen , Shao-Ming Fei , Zhi-Xi Wang

For a quantum state in a bipartite system represented as a density matrix, researchers used the realignment matrix and functions on its singular values to study the separability of the quantum state. We obtain bounds for elementary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-11 Chi-Kwong Li , Yiu-Tung Poon , Nung-Sing Sze

Quantum states can be written in infinitely many ways depending on the choices of basis. Schmidt decomposition of a quantum state has a lot of properties useful in the study of entanglement. All bipartite states admit Schmidt decomposition,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Mithilesh Kumar

In this paper we propose a sequence of tests which gives a definitive test for checking $2\times M$ separability. The test is definitive in the sense that each test corresponds to checking membership in a cone, and that the closure of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Hugo J. Woerdeman

We describe a general methods to localize any sort of k-separability and therefore also the corresponding partial entanglement in genuinely multipartite mixed quantum states. Our methods are based exclusively on the known twopartite methods…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-02 Roman Gielerak Marek Sawerwain

We present a necessary and sufficient product criterion for bipartite quantum states based on the rank of realignment matrix of density matrix. Then, this approach is generalized to multipartite systems. We first introduce the concept of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-27 Xianfei Qi , Ting Gao , Fengli Yan

The quantum separability problem consists in deciding whether a bipartite density matrix is entangled or separable. In this work, we propose a machine learning pipeline for finding approximate solutions for this NP-hard problem in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Balthazar Casalé , Giuseppe Di Molfetta , Sandrine Anthoine , Hachem Kadri

We consider the separability of rank two quantum states on multiple quantum spaces with different dimensions. The sufficient and necessary conditions for separability of these multiparty quantum states are explicitly presented. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Shao-Ming Fei , Xiu-Hong Gao , Xiao-Hong Wang , Zhi-Xi Wang , Ke Wu

We propose experimentally feasible separability criteria for bipartite systems based on local symmetric measurements. Through detailed examples, we demonstrate that our criteria can detect entanglement more effectively compared to existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Yu Lu , Wen Zhou , Meng Su , Hong-Xing Wu , Shao-Ming Fei , Zhi-Xi Wang

This paper studies the problem of decomposing a low-rank positive-semidefinite matrix into symmetric factors with binary entries, either $\{\pm 1\}$ or $\{0,1\}$. This research answers fundamental questions about the existence and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Richard Kueng , Joel A. Tropp