Related papers: Information processing in generalized probabilisti…
A system of quantum reasoning for a closed system is developed by treating non-relativistic quantum mechanics as a stochastic theory. The sample space corresponds to a decomposition, as a sum of orthogonal projectors, of the identity…
We introduce the framework of general probabilistic theories (GPTs for short). GPTs are a class of operational theories that generalize both finite-dimensional classical and quantum theory, but they also include other, more exotic theories,…
We discuss how to reconstruct quantum theory from operational postulates. In particular, the following postulates are consistent only with for classical probability theory and quantum theory. Logical Sharpness: There is a one-to-one map…
Quantum correlations forms a subset of the set of nonsignaling boxes. This allows us to characterize quantum correlations as a convex combination of the extremal boxes of the nonsignaling polytope which are Popescu-Rohrlich boxes (maximally…
In order to understand the source and extent of the greater-than-classical information processing power of quantum systems, one wants to characterize both classical and quantum mechanics as points in a broader space of possible theories.…
In space-like separated experiments and other scenarios where multiple parties share a classical common cause but no cause-effect relations, quantum theory allows a variety of nonsignaling resources which are useful for distributed quantum…
Bell nonlocality exemplifies the most profound departure of quantum theory from classical realism. Yet, the extent of nonlocality in quantum theory is intrinsically bounded, falling short of the correlations permitted by the relativistic…
Resource identification and quantification is an essential element of both classical and quantum information theory. Entanglement is one of these resources, arising when quantum communication and nonlocal operations are expensive to…
According to a recent no-go theorem (M. Pusey, J. Barrett and T. Rudolph, Nature Physics 8, 475 (2012)), models in which quantum states correspond to probability distributions over the values of some underlying physical variables must have…
Hidden-variable theories effectively solve the measurement problem. However, a serious issue of this route towards a realistic completion of quantum theory is raised by Bell's proof that the resulting theories are nonlocal. A possible…
Given an arbitrary statistical theory, different from quantum mechanics, how to decide which are the nonclassical correlations? We present a formal framework which allows for a definition of nonclassical correlations in such theories,…
Quantum theory has found a new field of applications in the realm of information and computation during the recent years. This paper reviews how quantum physics allows information coding in classically unexpected and subtle nonlocal ways,…
We provide mathematicaly rigorous justification of using term "probability" in connection to the so called non-signalling theories,known also as Popescu's and Rohrlich's box worlds. No only do we prove correctness of these models (in the…
In a previous paper, we showed that many important quantum information-theoretic phenomena, including the no-cloning and no-broadcasting theorems, are in fact generic in all non-classical probabilistic theories. An exception is…
The framework of distributed computing, consisting of several spatially separated input-output servers, has immense importance in distant data manipulation. One of the most challenging parts of this setting is to optimize the use of…
Quantum mechanics permits certain kinds of non-local effects. This paper demonstrates how these can be used for distributed computation with minimal communication between various processors. The problem considered is that of estimating the…
An understanding of quantum theory in terms of new, underlying descriptions capable of explaining the existence of non-classical correlations, non-commutativity of measurements and other unique and counter-intuitive phenomena remains still…
Quantum theory can be viewed as a generalization of classical probability theory, but the analogy as it has been developed so far is not complete. Whereas the manner in which inferences are made in classical probability theory is…
A new ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics is proposed according to which the ensemble associated to a quantum state really exists: it is the ensemble of all the systems in the same quantum state in the universe. Individual systems…
We present a uniform framework for the treatment of a large class of toy models of quantum theory. Specifically, we will be interested in theories of wavefunctions valued in commutative involutive semirings, and which give rise to some…