Related papers: Photon wave function
Astronomical observations of the orbital angular momentum of photons, a property of electromagnetic radiation that has come to the fore in recent years, have apparently never been attempted. Here, I show that measurements of this property…
A method is proposed to find the wave function of an electron moving infinitely in the field of an arbitrary 1D layer structure with two different homogeneous semi-infinite boundaries. It is shown that in general the problem reduces to…
The papers setting upper bounds on the value of electric charge of the photon are briefly reviewed. The theoretical framework of these bounds is shown to be incomplete. Hence the bounds seem to be unreliable.
The measurement of the pion light-cone wave function is revisited and results for the Gegenbauer coefficients are presented. Mesurements of the photon electromagnetic and hadronic wave functions are described and results are presented.
The black-body radiation is reinterpreted in terms of the photon's many-body wave functions in analogy with the condensed matter physics. This interpretation has implications on the wave-particle duality, and on the difference between the…
Several general constraints are suggested to analyze the pionic valence-state wave function. It is found that the present model wave functions used in light-cone formalism of perturbative quantum chromodynamics have failed these…
The nonlinear propagation of intense incoherent photons in a photon gas is considered. The photon-photon interactions are governed by a pair of equations comprising a wave-kinetic equation for the incoherent photons in the presence of the…
Based on the invariance of the phase of waves, plane waves was shown to propagate with negative frequencies in a medium which moves at superluminal speeds opposite to the propagation direction of plane waves. The validity of the invariance…
The meaning of the wave function of the Universe was actively discussed in 1980s. In most works on quantum cosmology it is accepted that the wave function is a probability amplitude for the Universe to have some space geometry, or to be…
Photons are almost involved in each field of science and daily life of everyone. However, there are still some fundamental and puzzling questions such as what a photon is.The expressions of electromagnetic fields of a photon are here…
The electron and photon structure functions are compared. Advantages of the electron structure function are demonstrated. At very high momenta probabilistic (partonic) interpretation can be preserved despite strong $\gamma$-$Z$…
The nature of quantum waves, whether they are real physical waves or, on the contrary, mere probability waves, has been a very controversial theme since the beginning of quantum theory. Here we present some possible experiments that may…
One of the major concerns of Schr\"odinger, Lorentz, Einstein, and many others about the wave function is that it is defined on the $3\mathbf{N}$-dimensional configuration space, rather than on the $3$-dimensional physical space. This gives…
An antisymmetric tensor, the photon tensor, is defined for the description of the photon as a massless relativistic particle. The photon can be visualized as an essentially two dimensional rotating object. The quantum mechanical description…
The question of whether entanglement between photons is equivalent to entanglement between their characteristic field modes, specifically, the single-particle wavefunctions that are composed and superposed to describe particles in such…
It is often claimed that the collapse of the wave function and Born's rule to interpret the square of the norm as a probability, have to be introduced as separate axioms in quantum mechanics besides the Schroedinger equation. Here we show…
There is debate as to whether quantum field theory is, at bottom, a quantum theory of fields or particles. One can take a field approach to the theory, using wave functionals over field configurations, or a particle approach, using wave…
Development of concepts related to the photon and its high energy hadronic interaction is briefly reviewed. A photon considered as an ideal probe of hadron structure, paradoxically is also considered as an ideal target to test the…
Using a quantum field theoretic description of the photon it is shown that, as intuitively expected but not before theoretically proven, the vector potential of a photon has a likely amplitude associated with a discrete frequency and…
Wave-particle duality, intertwining two inherently contradictory properties of quantum systems, remains one of the most conceptually profound aspects of quantum mechanics. By using the concept of energy capacity, the ability of a quantum…