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Path-entangled multi-photon states allow optical phase-sensing beyond the shot-noise limit, provided that an efficient parity measurement can be implemented. Realising this experimentally is technologically demanding, as it requires…
By using a systematic optimization approach we determine quantum states of light with definite photon number leading to the best possible precision in optical two mode interferometry. Our treatment takes into account the experimentally…
We discuss several methods for unambiguous state discrimination of N symmetric coherent states using linear optics and photodetectors. One type of measurements is shown to be optimal in the limit of small photon numbers for any N. For the…
Optimal measurement scheme with an efficient data processing is important in quantum-enhanced interferometry. Here we prove that for a general binary outcome measurement, the simplest data processing based on inverting the average signal…
Interference between an unknown two-photon state (a "biphoton") and the two-photon component of a reference state gives a phase-sensitive arrival-time distribution containing full information about the biphoton temporal wave function. Using…
In order to efficiently image a non-absorbing sample (a phase object), dedicated phase contrast optics are required. Typically, these optics are designed with the assumption that the sample is weakly scattering, implying a linear relation…
The measurement of physical parameters is one of the main pillars of science. A classic example is the measurement of the optical phase enabled by optical interferometry where the best sensitivity achievable with N photons scales as 1/N -…
The representation of quantum states via phase-space functions constitutes an intuitive technique to characterize light. However, the reconstruction of such distributions is challenging as it demands specific types of detectors and detailed…
We propose a very simple experimental setup to measure, via photon counting, the overlap of the Wigner functions characterizing two single mode light beams. We show that this scheme can be applied to determine directly the phase space…
Injecting a non-Gaussian (Fock or Shr\"odinger cat) quantum state into the dark port of a two-arm interferometer and a strong classical light into the bright one, it is possible, in principle, to detect a given phase shift unambiguously…
The hybrid interferometer integrating an optical parametric amplifier and a beam splitter has the potential to outperform the SU(1,1) interferometer. However, photon loss remains a critical limitation for practical implementation. To…
Quantum phenomena such as entanglement can improve fundamental limits on the sensitivity of a measurement probe. In optical interferometry, a probe consisting of $N$ entangled photons provides up to a $\sqrt{N}$ enhancement in phase…
We use a fiber based double slit Young interferometer for studying the far-field spatial distribution of the two-photon coincidence rate (coincidence pattern) for various quantum states with different degree of spatial entanglement. The…
We provide a tool for measuring the Stokes parameters and the degree of polarization of single photons by employing second order interference, namely the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer. It is shown that the technique is able to…
A recently proposed phase-estimation protocol that is based on measuring the parity of a two-mode squeezed-vacuum state at the output of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer shows that Cram\'{e}r-Rao bound sensitivity can be obtained [P.\ M.\…
The sensitivity in optical interferometry is strongly affected by losses during the signal propagation or at the detection stage. The optimal quantum states of the probing signals in the presence of loss were recently found. However, in…
Quantum state discrimination for two coherent states with opposite phases as measured relative to a reference pulse is analyzed as functions of the intensities of both the signal states and of the reference pulse. This problem is relevant…
Polarized light microscopy using path-entangled $N$-photon states (i.e., the N00N states) has been demonstrated to surpass the shot-noise limit at very low light illumination. However, the microscopy images suffer from divergence of phase…
We investigate the utility of parity detection to achieve Heisenberg-limited phase estimation for optical interferometry. We consider the parity detection with several input states that have been shown to exhibit sub shot-noise…
We implement the direct sampling of negative phase-space functions via unbalanced homodyne measurement using click-counting detectors. The negativities significantly certify nonclassical light in the high-loss regime using a small number of…