Related papers: Complex Rational Numbers in Quantum Mechanics
A representation of complex rational numbers in quantum mechanics is described that is not based on logical or physical qubits. It stems from noting that the zeros in a product qubit state do not contribute to the number. They serve only as…
A quantum theoretic representation of real and complex numbers is described here as equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences of quantum states of finite strings of qubits. There are 4 types of qubits each with associated single qubit…
Earlier work on modular arithmetic of k-ary representations of length L of the natural numbers in quantum mechanics is extended here to k-ary representations of all natural numbers, and to integers and rational numbers. Since the length L…
Complex numbers appear in the Hilbert space formulation of quantum mechanics, but not in the formulation in phase space. Quantum symmetries are described by complex, unitary or antiunitary operators defining ray representations in Hilbert…
Although the representation of the real numbers in terms of a base and a set of digits has a long history, new questions arise even in simple situations. This paper concerns binary radix systems, i.e., positional number systems with digits…
The representation of numbers by tensor product states of composite quantum systems is examined. Consideration is limited to k-ary representations of length L and arithmetic modulo k^{L}. An abstract representation on an L fold tensor…
In this paper fields of quantum reference frames based on gauge transformations of rational string states are described in a way that, hopefully, makes them more understandable than their description in an earlier paper. The approach taken…
A new class of Semantic Numeration Systems, namely, positive rational Semantic Numeration Systems is introduced. For cardinal semantic operators, differences in the formation of carry (common carry) and remainders are defined. The…
A quantum theory representations of real (R) and complex (C) numbers is given that is based on states of single, finite strings of qukits for any base k > 1. Both unary representations and the possibility that qukits with k a prime number…
In the present article, modeling certain rational numbers, that are represented in terms of Cantor series, are described. The statements on relations between digits in the representations of rational numbers by Cantor series (for the case…
Complex numbers play a crucial role in quantum mechanics. However, their necessity remains debated: whether they are fundamental or merely convenient. Recently, it was claimed that quantum mechanics based on real numbers can be…
This paper represents one approach to making explicit some of the assumptions and conditions implied in the widespread representation of numbers by composite quantum systems. Any nonempty set and associated operations is a set of natural…
This paper extends earlier work on quantum theory representations of natural numbers N, integers I, and rational numbers Ra to describe a space of these representations and transformations on the space. The space is parameterized by 4-tuple…
This work is based on a description of quantum reference frames that seems more basic than others in the literature. Here a frame is based on a set of real and of complex numbers and a space time as a 4-tuple of the real numbers. There are…
We present a hierarchical viewpoint on the operator-algebraic formulation of quantum systems, in which $C^{*}$-algebras are responsible for the universal and intrinsic description, whereas von Neumann algebras provide the detailed account…
We look at the fundamental use of complex numbers in Quantum Mechanics (QM). A review of some of the most popular reasons given in the literature to support the necessity of the complex formalism, We add some insight by invoking others.…
Researchers are often perplexed when their machine learning algorithms are required to deal with complex number. Various strategies are commonly employed to project complex number into real number, although it is frequently sacrificing the…
The roots of -1 in the set of biquaternions (quaternions with complex components, or complex numbers with quaternion real and imaginary parts) are studied and it is shown that there is an infinite number of non-trivial complexified…
To simulate the quantum systems at classical or quantum computers, it is necessary to reduce continuous observables (e.g. coordinate and momentum or energy and time) to discrete ones. In this work we consider the continuous observables…
A simple probabilistic cellular automaton is shown to be equivalent to a relativistic fermionic quantum field theory with interactions. Occupation numbers for fermions are classical bits or Ising spins. The automaton acts deterministically…