Related papers: Einstein's Photon Concept Quantified by the Bohr M…
In modern physics courses the idea of photon has been teaching through from the einsteinian formulation based on the photoelectric effect. Einstein's photon concept allow the quantization of the electromagnetic field, but does not dwell on…
The paper proposes an envelope soliton model of the electron. The soliton propagates within a waveguide which size varies with the potential. The soliton is the solution of the Schroedinger equation with the addition of a nonlinear term…
Two experiments were made using a microwave generator, which sent a narrow beam, through a metallic plate with horizontal movement. At the other end a horn antenna coupled to a field-strength detector. In linear polarization double cycloids…
The paper proposes an envelope soliton model of the electron that propagates as a protuberance on a fictitious waveguide, which acts as trajectory. The model is based on de Broglie's original electron wave-particle relativistic theory, and…
We present a reformulation of Bohr's analysis of Einstein's thought experiment with the photon box, which hopefully settles some unclear issues. The box is weighed by two position measurements, the first immediately before the emission of…
If Einstein's photon is $E = cp = \hbar\omega$, Wigner's photon is its helicity which is a Lorentz-invariant concept coming from the E(2)-like little group for massless particles. In addition, the E(2)-like little group has two…
In his celebrated 1916-17 papers in which he proposed the A and B coefficients for the spontaneous and stimulated emission of energy quanta from excited atoms, Einstein conjectured that stimulated emission involves the release of individual…
Spontaneous emission of a photon by an atom is described theoretically in three dimensions with the initial wave function of a finite-mass atom taken in the form of a finite-size wave packet. Recoil and wave-packet spreading are taken into…
An antisymmetric tensor, the photon tensor, is defined for the description of the photon as a massless relativistic particle. The photon can be visualized as an essentially two dimensional rotating object. The quantum mechanical description…
A classical circularly polarized electromagnetic wave carries angular momentum, and represents the classical limit of a photon, which carries quantized spin. It is shown that a very similar picture of a circularly polarized coherent wave…
We discuss numerical solutions of Einstein's field equation describing static, spherically symmetric conglomerations of a photon gas. These equations imply a back reaction of the metric on the energy density of the photon gas according to…
The probability of a photon to move faster than light, under the Einstein Quantum dynamics is shown to vanish for large times. The proof is based on using propagation estimates on multiscaled energy intervals, to control the singular symbol…
A Lorentz invariant positive definite expression for photon number density is derived as the absolute square of the invariant scalar product of a polarization sensitive position eigenvector and the photon wave function. It is found that…
Photons are almost involved in each field of science and daily life of everyone. However, there are still some fundamental and puzzling questions such as what a photon is.The expressions of electromagnetic fields of a photon are here…
In this work we postulate that Schwinger's threshold for a dynamic electric field intensity to induce spatial nonlinearity is a special case and, more generally, it is the threshold field for both static and dynamic electric fields. Fields…
Electromagnetism is at the heart of the Standard Model, but despite all the successes of modern theory, our basic description of light traveling in free space remains unsatisfactory. The four bosons that compose light are introduced in a…
We associate intrinsic energy equal to $h\nu/2$ with the spin angular momentum of photon and propose a topological model based on orbifold in space and tifold in time as topological obstructions. The model is substantiated using vector…
The Einstein-First project approaches the teaching of Einsteinian physics through the use of physical models and analogies. This paper presents an approach to the teaching of quantum physics which begins by emphasising the particle-nature…
Sonoluminescence is explained in terms of quantum radiation by moving interfaces between media of different polarizability. In a stationary dielectric the zero-point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field excite virtual two-photon states…
We recently performed experiments on the transfer of photon spin to electron orbital angular momentum. For an interpretation of the experimental results we used a classical electrodynamic model of the photon as a propagating electromagnetic…