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The classical simulation of quantum dynamics plays an important role in our understanding of quantum complexity, and in the development of quantum technologies. Efficient techniques such as those based on the Gottesman-Knill theorem for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Matthew L. Goh , Martin Larocca , Lukasz Cincio , M. Cerezo , Frédéric Sauvage

This paper builds on the idea of simulating stabiliser circuits through transformations of quadratic form expansions. This is a representation of a quantum state which specifies a formula for the expansion in the standard basis, describing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-21 Niel de Beaudrap , Steven Herbert

Simulating quantum circuits is a computationally intensive task that relies heavily on tensor products and matrix multiplications, which can be inefficient. Recent advancements, eliminate the need for tensor products and matrix…

We propose efficient classical algorithms which (strongly) simulate the action of bosonic linear optics circuits applied to superpositions of Gaussian states. Our approach relies on an augmented covariance matrix formalism to keep track of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Beatriz Dias , Robert Koenig

According to the Gottesman-Knill theorem, quantum algorithms which utilise only the operations belonging to a certain restricted set are efficiently simulable classically. Since some of the operations in this set generate entangled states,…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-03-06 Michael E. Cuffaro

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new graphic representation of quantum states by means of a specific application: the analysis of two models of quantum copying machines. The graphic representation by diagrams of states offers a clear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sara Felloni , Giuliano Strini

Fathoming out quantum state space is a challenging endeavor due to its exponentially growing dimensionality. At the expense of being bound in its expressiveness, the discrete and finite subspace of graph states is easier to investigate via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-23 Matthias Miller , Daniel Miller

A set of necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the equivalence of an arbitrary pure state and a graph state on n qubits under stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC), using the stabilizer formalism.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-13 Adam G. D'Souza , Jop Briët , David L. Feder

One promising application of near-term quantum devices is to prepare trial wavefunctions using short circuits for solving different problems via variational algorithms. For this purpose, we introduce a new circuit design that combines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Abhinav Anand , Kenneth R. Brown

We show that the Quantum State Distinguishability (QSD), which is a QSZK-complete problem, and the Quantum Circuit Distinguishability (QCD), which is a QIP-complete problem, can be solved by the verifier who can perform only single-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-05 Tomoyuki Morimae

Simulating strongly correlated fermionic systems is notoriously hard on classical computers. An alternative approach, as proposed by Feynman, is to use a quantum computer. Here, we discuss quantum simulation of strongly correlated fermionic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-02 Zhang Jiang , Kevin J. Sung , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Vadim N. Smelyanskiy , Sergio Boixo

Quantum circuits are considered more powerful than classical circuits and require exponential resources to simulate classically. Clifford circuits are a special class of quantum circuits that can be simulated in polynomial time but still…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Yuchen Pang , Edgar Solomonik

Classical simulations of quantum computations are vital for the future development of this emerging technology. To this end, decision diagrams have been proposed as a complementary technique which frequently allows to tackle the inherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-11 Lukas Burgholzer , Hartwig Bauer , Robert Wille

Recent breakthroughs have opened the possibility to intermediate-scale quantum computing with tens to hundreds of qubits, and shown the potential for solving classical challenging problems, such as in chemistry and condensed matter physics.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Zhong-Xia Shang , Ming-Cheng Chen , Xiao Yuan , Chao-Yang Lu , Jian-Wei Pan

Physical Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states are inherently noisy as ideal ones would require infinite energy. While this is typically considered as a deficiency to be actively corrected, this work demonstrates that imperfect GKP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Fariba Hosseinynejad , Pavithran Iyer , Guillaume Dauphinais , David L. Feder

Clifford gates are a winsome class of quantum operations combining mathematical elegance with physical significance. The Gottesman-Knill theorem asserts that Clifford computations can be classically efficiently simulated but this is true…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-04 Richard Jozsa , Maarten Van den Nest

Highly entangled quantum states are an ingredient in numerous applications in quantum computing. However, preparing these highly entangled quantum states on currently available quantum computers at high fidelity is limited by ubiquitous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 Sebastian Brandhofer , Ilia Polian , Stefanie Barz , Daniel Bhatti

We investigate a novel class of quantum error correcting codes to correct errors on both qubits and higher-state quantum systems represented as qudits. These codes arise from an original graph-theoretic representation of sets of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-13 Robert Vandermolen , Duncan Wright

While stabilizer tableaus have proven exceptionally useful as a descriptive tool for additive quantum codes, they offer little guidance for concrete constructions or coding algorithm analysis. We introduce a representation of stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 Andrey Boris Khesin

We propose a general method for preparing stabilizer states with reduced two-qubit gate count and depth compared to the state of the art. The method starts from a graph state representation of the stabilizer state and iteratively reduces…

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