Related papers: Comment on the Ghost State in the Lee Model
As is known, the Standard Model mainly ideologically and qualitatively focuss the experimenters in their search of new mass states (of EP- elementary particles). The exact quantitative prognosis of their properties, especially of masses,…
We present a generalization of quantum Stein's Lemma to the situation in which the alternative hypothesis is formed by a family of states, which can moreover be non-i.i.d.. We consider sets of states which satisfy a few natural properties,…
Stochastic feedback systems give rise to a variety of notions of stability. The conditions for the stability of the median, mean, and variance stability conditions differ. These conditions can be stated explicitly for scalar discrete-time…
We provide a thorough study of stability of the 1-D continuity equation, which models many physical conservation laws. In our system-theoretic perspective, the velocity is considered to be an input. An additional input appears in the…
This paper investigates contraction properties of switched dynamical systems for the case that all modes are non-contracting, thereby extending existing results that require at least one mode to be contracting. Leveraging the property that…
We study $\varepsilon$-stability in continuous logic. We first consider stability in a model, where we obtain a definability of types result with a better approximation than that in the literature. We also prove forking symmetry for…
In computational ghost imaging the object is illuminated with a sequence of known patterns, and the scattered light is collected using a detector that has no spatial resolution. Using those patterns and the total intensity measurement from…
The optimization of measurement for n samples of pure sates are studied. The error of the optimal measurement for n samples is asymptotically compared with the one of the maximum likelihood estimators from n data given by the optimal…
For a bipartite entangled state shared by two observers, Alice and Bob, Alice can affect the post-measured states left to Bob by choosing different measurements on her half. Alice can convince Bob that she has such an ability if and only if…
Ghost imaging (GI) is an unconventional imaging method that retrieves the image of an object by correlating a series of known illumination patterns with the total reflected (or transmitted) intensity. We here demonstrate a scheme which can…
Transformer language models (LMs) exhibit behaviors -- from storytelling to code generation -- that seem to require tracking the unobserved state of an evolving world. How do they do this? We study state tracking in LMs trained or…
Interpretability and explainability of AI are becoming increasingly important in light of the rapid development of large language models (LLMs). This paper investigates the interpretation of LLMs in the context of the knowledge-based…
In this paper, we analyze cosmological consequences of the reconstructed generalized ghost pilgrim dark energy $\mathcal{F}(T,T_\mathcal{G})$ models in terms of redshift parameter $z$. For this purpose, we consider power-law scale factor,…
Generic massive gravity models in the unitary gauge correspond to a self-gravitating medium with six degrees of freedom. It is widely believed that massive gravity models with six degrees of freedom have an unavoidable ghost-like…
The Born postulate can be reduced to its deterministic content that only applies to eigenvectors of observables: the standard probabilistic interpretation of generic states then follows from algebraic properties of repeated measurements and…
We consider a modification of the classical ghost imaging scheme where an image of the research object is formed and acquired in the object arm. It is used alongside the ghost image to produce an estimate of the transmittance distribution…
The question of stability of the Higgs potential in the Standard Model is revisited employing advanced theoretical precision and recent experimental results. We show that the top mass and strong coupling constants are key observables in…
We discuss an instability in a large class of models where dark energy is coupled to matter. In these models the mass of the scalar field is much larger than the expansion rate of the Universe. We find models in which this instability is…
The ghost sector of SU(3) gauge field theory is studied, and new BRST-invariant states are presented that do not have any analog in other SU(N) field theories. The new states come in either ghost doublets or triplets, and they appear…
Computational ghost imaging relies on the decomposition of an image into patterns that are summed together with weights that measure the overlap of each pattern with the scene being imaged. These tasks rely on a computer. Here we…