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We consider some basic problems associated with quantum mechanics of systems having a time-dependent Hilbert space. We provide a consistent treatment of these systems and address the possibility of describing them in terms of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-24 Ali Mostafazadeh

In quantum theory, equilibrium statistical mechanics is usually formulated through the canonical ensemble, whose privileged status is tied to the Euclidean continuation of time evolution. The microcanonical ensemble, by contrast, is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Loris Di Cairano

Classical phase-space variables are normally chosen to promote to quantum operators in order to quantize a given classical system. While classical variables can exploit coordinate transformations to address the same problem, only one set of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-30 John R. Klauder

The conceptual setting of quantum mechanics is subject to an ongoing debate from its beginnings until now. The consequences of the apparent differences between quantum statistics and classical statistics range from the philosophical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 C. Wetterich

It is usual to identify initial conditions of classical dynamical systems with mathematical real numbers. However, almost all real numbers contain an infinite amount of information. I argue that a finite volume of space can't contain more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-04 Nicolas Gisin

Among the many perplexing results of quantum mechanics is one that contradicts a result from introductory physics: the possibility of finding a quantum particle in a region that would be forbidden classically by energy conservation. An…

Popular Physics · Physics 2025-01-09 Dennis E. Krause , Nikolai Jones

The question of how long a particle takes to pass through a potential barrier is still a controversial topic in quantum mechanics. Arguably, the main theoretical problem in obtaining estimates for measurable times is the fact that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-19 Ricardo Ximenes , Fernando Parisio , Eduardo O. Dias

Some precisions are given about the definition of the Hamiltonian operator H and its transformation properties, for a linear wave equation in a general spacetime. In the presence of time-dependent unitary gauge transformations, H as an…

General Physics · Physics 2016-01-21 Mayeul Arminjon

An adapted representation of quantum mechanics sheds new light on the relationship between quantum states and classical states. In this approach the space of quantum states splits into a product of the state space of classical mechanics and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-04-14 Christoph Nölle

In the first days of quantum mechanics Dirac pointed out an analogy between the time-dependent coefficients of an expansion of the Schr\"odinger equation and the classical position and momentum variables solving Hamilton's equations. Here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-18 J. S. Briggs , A. Eisfeld

The self adjoint operator of time in non-relativistic quantum mechanics is found within the approach where the ordinary Hamiltonian is not taken to be conjugate to time. The operator version of the reexpressed Liouville equation with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-03 Slobodan Prvanovic

Where does quantum mechanics part ways with classical mechanics? How does quantum randomness differ fundamentally from classical randomness? We cannot fully explain how the theories differ until we can derive them within a single axiomatic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-07 Agung Budiyono , Daniel Rohrlich

A quasi-Hermitian operator is an operator that is similar to its adjoint in some sense, via a metric operator, i.e., a strictly positive self-adjoint operator. Whereas those metric operators are in general assumed to be bounded, we analyze…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-10-24 Jean-Pierre Antoine , Camillo Trapani

In spite of all {\bf no-go} theorems (e.g., von Neumann, Kochen and Specker,..., Bell,...) we constructed a realist basis of quantum mechanics. In our model both classical and quantum spaces b are rough images of the fundamental {\bf…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei Khrennikov

A non-Hermitian operator $H$ defined in a Hilbert space with inner product $\langle\cdot|\cdot\rangle$ may serve as the Hamiltonian for a unitary quantum system, if it is $\eta$-pseudo-Hermitian for a metric operator (positive-definite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 Ali Mostafazadeh

In the first part of this paper the general perspective of history quantum theories is reviewed. History quantum theories provide a conceptual and mathematical framework for formulating quantum theories without a globally defined…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Oliver Rudolph

We derive some Quantum Central Limit Theorems for expectation values of macroscopically coarse-grained observables, which are functions of coarse-grained hermitean operators. Thanks to the hermicity constraints, we obtain positive-definite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Tien D. Kieu

In complete analogy with the classical situation (which is briefly reviewed) it is possible to define bi-Hamiltonian descriptions for Quantum systems. We also analyze compatible Hermitian structures in full analogy with compatible Poisson…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 G. Marmo , G. Scolarici , A. Simoni , F. Ventriglia

A measuring apparatus is described by quantum mechanics while it interacts with the quantum system under observation, and then it must be given a classical description so that the result of the measurement appears as objective reality.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Ori Hay , Asher Peres

We analyze the issue of dynamical evolution and time in quantum cosmology. We emphasize the problem of choice of phase space variables that can play the role of a time parameter in such a way that for expectation values of quantum operators…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-05 Alexander Yu. Kamenshchik , Jeinny Nallely Perez Rodriguez , Tereza Vardanyan