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The necessity of complex numbers in quantum mechanics has long been debated. This paper develops a real Kahler space formulation of quantum mechanics [19], asserting equivalence to the standard complex Hilbert space framework. By mapping…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Irina Aref'eva , Igor Volovich

An effective formalism for quantum constrained systems is presented which allows manageable derivations of solutions and observables, including a treatment of physical reality conditions without requiring full knowledge of the physical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-03-12 Martin Bojowald , Barbara Sandhoefer , Aureliano Skirzewski , Artur Tsobanjan

We propose quantum-mechanical systems in which the number of spatial dimensions is promoted to a dynamical quantum variable, making the effective dimension state-dependent. Interestingly, systems of this form can exhibit enhanced symmetries…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Mikołaj Myszkowski , Mattia Damia Paciarini , Francesco Sannino

Quantum states are the key mathematical objects in quantum theory. It is therefore surprising that physicists have been unable to agree on what a quantum state truly represents. One possibility is that a pure quantum state corresponds…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-31 Matthew F. Pusey , Jonathan Barrett , Terry Rudolph

Quantum computational logics represent a logical abstraction from the circuit-theory in quantum computation. In these logics formulas are supposed to denote pieces of quantum information (qubits, quregisters or mixtures of quregisters),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-25 Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara , Roberto Giuntini , Roberto Leporini , Giuseppe Sergioli

Relations and isomorphisms between quantum field theories in operator and functional integral formalisms are analyzed from the viewpoint of inequivalent representations of commutator or anticommutator rings of field operators. A functional…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Aba Teleki , Milan Noga

This work is based on the field of reference frames based on quantum representations of real and complex numbers described in other work. Here frame domains are expanded to include space and time lattices. Strings of qukits are described as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Paul Benioff

A non-associative quantum mechanics is proposed in which the product of three and more operators can be non-associative one. The multiplication rules of the octonions define the multiplication rules of the corresponding operators with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Vladimir Dzhunushaliev

In this paper, we use the theory of fractional powers of linear operators to construct a general (analytic) representation theory for the square-root energy operator of relativistic quantum theory, which is valid for all values of the spin.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 T. L. Gill , W. W. Zachary

Wave-particle duality is one of the basic features of quantum mechanics, giving rise to the use of complex numbers in describing states of quantum systems, their dynamics, and interaction. Since the inception of quantum theory, it has been…

Our aim in this paper is to show an example of the formalism we have developed to avoid the label-tensor-product-vector-space-formalism of quantum mechanics when dealing with indistinguishable quanta. States in this new vector space, that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 G. Domenech , F. Holik , L. Kniznik , D. Krause

Standard quantum mechanics employs complex Hilbert spaces, but whether complex numbers are fundamental or merely convenient has long been debated. For decades, real-valued equivalents were considered mathematically possible but cumbersome.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Alan C. Maioli , Evaldo M. F. Curado , Jean-Pierre Gazeau

We consider non-local properties of quanternionic quantum mechanics, in which the complex numbers are replaced by the quaternions as the underlying algebra. Specifically, we show that it is possible to construct a non-local box. This allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Matthew McKague

It is proposed to map the quantum information qubit not to individual spin 1/2 states, but to the collective spin states being eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian including spin-spin interactions, which may be not small. Such an approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. R. Kessel

A formulation of quantum mechanics, which begins by postulating assertions for individual physical systems, is given. The statistical predictions of quantum mechanics for infinite ensembles are then derived from its assertions for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-08 J. B. Hartle

A new realist interpretation of quantum mechanics is introduced. Quantum systems are shown to have two kinds of properties: the usual ones described by values of quantum observables, which are called extrinsic, and those that can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-07 P. Hajicek , J. Tolar

Several finite dimensional quasi-probability representations of quantum states have been proposed to study various problems in quantum information theory and quantum foundations. These representations are often defined only on restricted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-07 Christopher Ferrie , Joseph Emerson

There is a unique finite group that lies inside the 2-dimensional unitary group but not in the special unitary group, and maps by the symmetric square to an irreducible subgroup of the 3-dimensional real special orthogonal group. In an…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-27 Robert A. Wilson

It is usually believed that a picture of Quantum Mechanics in terms of true probabilities cannot be given due to the uncertainty relations. Here we discuss a tomographic approach to quantum states that leads to a probability representation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michele Caponigro , Stefano Mancini , Vladimir I. Man'ko

We propose a quantum algorithm which uses the number of qubits in an optimal way and efficiently simulates a physical model with rich and complex dynamics described by the quantum sawtooth map. The numerical study of the effect of static…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Giuliano Benenti , Giulio Casati , Simone Montangero , Dima L. Shepelyansky