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It is known that real Mutually Unbiased Bases (MUBs) do not exist for any dimension $d > 2$ which is not divisible by 4. Thus, the next combinatorial question is how one can construct Approximate Real MUBs (ARMUBs) in this direction with…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ajeet Kumar , Rakesh Kumar , Subhamoy Maitra , Uddipto Mandal

In quantum mechanics, mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) represent orthonormal bases that are as "far apart" as possible, and their classification reveals rich underlying geometric structure. Given a complex inner product space, we construct…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Amit Te'eni , Eliahu Cohen

A pair of orthonormal bases is called mutually unbiased if all mutual overlaps between any element of one basis with an arbitrary element of the other basis coincide. In case the dimension, $d$, of the considered Hilbert space is a power of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-27 Christoph Spengler , Barbara Kraus

We introduce the notion of the unextendible maximally entangled basis (UMEB), a set of orthonormal maximally entangled states in d \times d consisting of fewer that d^2 vectors which have no additional maximally entangled vectors orthogonal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-23 Sergei Bravyi , John A. Smolin

All mutually unbiased bases in dimension six consisting of product states only are constructed. Several continuous families of pairs and two triples of mutually unbiased product bases are found to exist but no quadruple. The exhaustive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-27 Daniel McNulty , Stefan Weigert

We study mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in which all the bases are unextendible maximally entangled ones. We first present a necessary and sufficient condition of constructing a pair of MUBs in $C^2 \otimes C^4$. Based on this condition, an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-09 Hui Zhao , Lin Zhang , Shao-Ming Fei , Naihuan Jing

Complete sets of mutually unbiased bases are only known to exist in prime-power dimensions. We will describe a few approaches to the problem proving the (non)-existence of four mutually unbiased bases in dimension 6. These will include the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-12-15 Guo Chuan Thiang

This is a review of the problem of Mutually Unbiased Bases in finite dimensional Hilbert spaces, real and complex. Also a geometric measure of "mubness" is introduced, and applied to some recent calculations in six dimensions (partly done…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Ingemar Bengtsson

We develop a new technique to construct mutually unbiased tripartite absolutely maximally entangled bases. We first explore the tripartite absolutely maximally entangled bases and mutually unbiased bases in $\mathbb{C}^{d} \otimes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 Tian Xie , Yajuan Zang , Hui-Juan Zuo , Shao-Ming Fei

We investigate the unextendible maximally entangled bases in $\mathbb{C}^{d}\bigotimes\mathbb{C}^{d}$ and present a $30$-number UMEB construction in $\mathbb{C}^{6}\bigotimes\mathbb{C}^{6}$. For higher dimensional case, we show that for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-17 Yan-Ling Wang , Mao-Sheng Li , Shao-Ming Fei

We exhibit an infinite family of {\it triplets} of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in dimension 6. These triplets involve the Fourier family of Hadamard matrices, $F(a,b)$. However, in the main result of the paper we also prove that for any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 P. Jaming , M. Matolcsi , P. Móra , F. Szöllősi , M. Weiner

We consider the average distance between four bases in dimension six. The distance between two orthonormal bases vanishes when the bases are the same, and the distance reaches its maximal value of unity when the bases are unbiased. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Philippe Raynal , Xin Lü , Berthold-Georg Englert

We describe sets of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) for quantum states defined over the p-adic numbers Q_p, i.e. the states that can be described as elements of the (rigged) Hilbert space L2(Q_p). We find that for every prime p>2 there are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-02 Wim van Dam , Alexander Russell

This note is a short elaboration of the conjecture of Saniga et al (J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. 6 (2004) L19-L20) by regarding a set of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in a d-dimensional Hilbert space, d being a power of a prime, as an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Metod Saniga , Michel Planat

It is conjectured that the question of the existence of projective planes whose order is not a power of prime is intimately linked with the problem whether there exists a set of d+1 mutually unbiased bases in a d-dimensional Hilbert space…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Metod Saniga , Michel Planat , Haret Rosu

The Mean King's problem asks to determine the outcome of a measurement that is randomly selected from a set of complementary observables. We review this problem and offer a combinatorial solution. More generally, we show that whenever an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Andreas Klappenecker , Martin Roetteler

A complex Hilbert space of dimension six supports at least three but not more than seven mutually unbiased bases. Two computer-aided analytical methods to tighten these bounds are reviewed, based on a discretization of parameter space and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-10 Stephen Brierley , Stefan Weigert

The density matrix of a qudit may be reconstructed with optimal efficiency if the expectation values of a specific set of observables are known. In dimension six, the required observables only exist if it is possible to identify six…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-08 Stephen Brierley , Stefan Weigert

We show that if a set of four mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in $\mathbb{C}^6$ exists and contains the identity, then any other basis in the set contains at most two product states and at the same time has Schmidt rank at least three. Here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-07 Lin Chen , Li Yu

We show that a complete set of seven mutually unbiased bases in dimension six, if it exists, cannot contain more than one product basis.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-14 Daniel McNulty , Stefan Weigert