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In most introductory courses on quantum mechanics one is taught that the Hamiltonian operator must be Hermitian in order that the energy levels be real and that the theory be unitary (probability conserving). To express the Hermiticity of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Carl M. Bender

The coupling of non-Hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonians to standard Hermitian Hamiltonians, each of which individually has a real energy spectrum, is explored by means of a number of soluble models. It is found that in all cases the energy…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Carl M. Bender , Hugh F. Jones

This paper reports the results of an ongoing in-depth analysis of the classical trajectories of the class of non-Hermitian $PT$-symmetric Hamiltonians $H=p^2+ x^2(ix)^\varepsilon$ ($\varepsilon\geq0$). A variety of phenomena, heretofore…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-03-09 Carl M. Bender , Daniel W. Hook

Some PT-symmetric non-hermitean Hamiltonians have only real eigenvalues. There is numerical evidence that the associated PT-invariant energy eigenstates satisfy an unconventional completeness relation. An ad hoc scalar product among the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Stefan Weigert

We have studied a $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric quantum system for a class of position-dependent effective mass. Formalisms of supersymmetric quantum mechanics are utilized to construct the partner potentials. Since the system under…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-23 Pinaki Patra

Canonical quantum mechanics postulates Hermitian Hamiltonians to ensure real eigenvalues. Counterintuitively, a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, satisfying combined parity-time (PT) symmetry, could display entirely real spectra above some…

Optics · Physics 2025-01-23 Jianming Wen , Xiaoshun Jiang , Liang Jiang , Min Xiao

The {\eta} pseudo PT symmetry theory, denoted by the symbol {\eta}, explores the conditions under which non-Hermitian Hamiltonians can possess real spectra despite the violation of PT symmetry, that is the adjoint of H, denoted H^{{\dag}}…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-09 Mustapha Maamache , Nour El Houda Absi

Update: A time-independent $n\times n$ PT-symmetric (and symmetric) Hamiltonian is diagonalizable since it has all distinct real eigenvalues and the resulting diagonal matrix is a real symmetric matrix. The diagonalization results an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-20 Sungwook Lee , Lawrence R. Mead

We provide a reviewlike introduction into the quantum mechanical formalism related to non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems with real eigenvalues. Starting with the time-independent framework we explain how to determine an appropriate domain of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Carla Figueira de Morisson Faria , Andreas Fring

In this review we discuss the connection between two seemingly disparate topics, macroscopic gravity on astrophysical scales and Hamiltonians that are not Hermitian but $PT$ symmetric on microscopic ones. In particular we show that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-05 Philip D. Mannheim

We investigate PT -symmetry breaking transitions in a dimer comprising two LC oscillators, one with loss and the second with gain. The electric energy of this four-mode model oscillates between the two LC circuits, and between capacitive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-06 Tishuo Wang , Jianxiong Fang , Zhongyi Xie , Nenghao Dong , Yogesh N Joglekar , Zixin Wang , Jiaming Li , Le Luo

Searching for non-Hermitian (parity-time)$\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Hamiltonians \cite{bender} with real spectra has been acquiring much interest for fourteen years. In this article, we have introduced a $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetric non-Hermitian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-13 Özlem Yeşiltaş

We study the classical and quantum oscillator in the context of a non-additive (deformed) displacement operator, associated with a position-dependent effective mass, by means of the supersymmetric formalism. From the supersymmetric partner…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Bruno G. da Costa , Genilson A. C. da Silva , Ignacio S. Gomez

This paper examines chains of $N$ coupled harmonic oscillators. In isolation, the $j$th oscillator ($1\leq j\leq N$) has the natural frequency $\omega_j$ and is described by the Hamiltonian $\frac{1}{2}p_j^2+\frac{1}{2}\omega_j^2x_j^2$. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-10 Alireza Beygi , S. P. Klevansky , Carl M. Bender

The main achievements of Pseudo-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics and its distinction with the indefinite-metric quantum theories are reviewed. The issue of the non-uniqueness of the metric operator and its consequences for defining the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Ali Mostafazadeh

We extend the formulation of pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics to eta-pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian operators H with an unbounded metric operator eta. In particular, we give the details of the construction of the physical Hilbert space,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Ali Mostafazadeh

In a previous paper a formalism to analyze the dynamical evolution of classical and quantum probability distributions in terms of their moments was presented. Here the application of this formalism to the system of a particle moving on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-19 David Brizuela

For a given standard Hamiltonian H=[p-A(x)]^2/(2m)+V(x) with arbitrary complex scalar potential V and vector potential A, with x real, we construct an invertible antilinear operator \tau such that H is \tau-anti-pseudo-Hermitian, i.e.,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Ali Mostafazadeh

In this work we intend to study a class of time-dependent quantum systems with non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, particularly those whose Hermitian counterpart are important for the comprehension of posed problems in quantum optics and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. de Souza Dutra , M. B. Hott , V. G. C. S dos Santos

We introduce the notion of pseudo-Hermiticity and show that every Hamiltonian with a real spectrum is pseudo-Hermitian. We point out that all the PT-symmetric non-Hermitian Hamiltonians studied in the literature belong to the class of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-09-07 Ali Mostafazadeh
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