Related papers: Einstein's Boxes: Quantum Mechanical Solution
A method of representing probabilistic aspects of quantum systems is introduced by means of a density function on the space of pure quantum states. In particular, a maximum entropy argument allows us to obtain a natural density function…
Quantum dots (QDs) are one of the promising candidates of interconnection between electromagnetic field and electrons in solid-state devices. Dark states appear as a result of coherence between the electromagnetic fields and the discrete…
Quantum states are represented by positive semidefinite Hermitian operators with unit trace, known as density matrices. An important subset of quantum states is that of separable states, the complement of which is the subset of…
A pedagogical introduction is given to the quantum mechanics of closed systems, most generally the universe as a whole. Quantum mechanics aims at predicting the probabilities of alternative coarse-grained time histories of a closed system.…
Cylindrical gravitational waves of Einstein gravity are described by an integrable system (Ernst system) whose quantization is a long standing problem. We propose to bootstrap the quantum theory along the following lines: The quantum theory…
The failure of Einstein's co-authored "EPR" attempt to show the incompleteness of quantum theory is demonstrated directly for spatial degrees of freedom using only elementary notions. A GHZ construction is realized in the position…
The density matrix formalism which is widely used in the theory of measurements, quantum computing, quantum description of chemical and biological systems always imply the averaging over the states of the environment. In practice this is…
Given the algebra of observables of a quantum system subject to selection rules, a state can be represented by different density matrices. As a result, different von Neumann entropies can be associated with the same state. Motivated by a…
We provide a constructive algorithm to find the best separable approximation to an arbitrary density matrix of a composite quantum system of finite dimensions. The method leads to a condition of separability and to a measure of…
The many-body space fractional quantum system is studied using the density matrix method. We give the new results of the Thomas-Fermi model, and obtain the quantum pressure of the free electron gas. We also show the validity of the…
It is well known that density matrices can be used in quantum mechanics to represent the information available to an observer about either a system with a random wave function (``statistical mixture'') or a system that is entangled with…
Superposition states are at the origin of many paradoxes in quantum mechanics. By unraveling the von Neumann equation for density matrices, we develop a superposition-free formulation of quantum mechanics. Stochastic quantum jumps are a key…
The state of a finite-dimensional quantum system is described by a density matrix that can be decomposed into a real diagonal, a real off-diagonal and and an imaginary off-diagonal part. The latter plays a peculiar role. While it is…
In this survey the possible approaches to the description of the evolution of states of quantum many-particle systems by means of the possible modifications of the density operator which kernel known as density matrix are considered. In…
In this paper, we examine stacky structures in Einstein's theory of gravity. In brief, we first give a construction of the moduli stack of solutions to (vacuum) Einstein field equations on $n$-dimensional spacetimes, with vanishing…
We will study rigorously the notion of mixed states and their density operators (or matrices.) We will also discuss the quantum-mechanical consequences of possible variations of Planck's constant h. This Review has been written having in…
The paper deals with the problem of describing fundamental particles. The Einstein-Rosen approach was revisited to explain que charge-mass ratio quantization. Such a result is obtained once a quantization prescription is applied to the…
This paper revisits the textbook 'particle in a box', but from the point of view of Koopman-von Neumann (KvN) mechanics. KvN mechanics is a way to describe \emph{classical} dynamics in a Hilbert space. That simple fact changes the usual…
The particle in a box is a simple model that has a classical Hamiltonian $H=p^2$ (using $2m=1$), with a limited coordinate space, $-b<q<b$, where $0<b<\infty$. Using canonical quantization, this example has been fully studied thanks to its…
A relativistic version of the (consistent or decoherent) histories approach to quantum theory is developed on the basis of earlier work by Hartle, and used to discuss relativistic forms of the paradoxes of spherical wave packet collapse,…