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Quantum internet will enable a number of revolutionary applications. It relies on entanglement of remote quantum memories over long distances. Despite enormous progresses so far, the maximal physical separation achieved between two nodes is…

Entanglement swapping is a protocol that details how to create entanglement between previously uncorrelated particles. Its all-photonic version - mediated by the interference of photon pairs generated by separate quantum systems-finds…

One of the most fascinating aspects of quantum networks is their capability to distribute entanglement as a nonlocal communication resource. In a first step, this requires network-ready devices that can generate and store entangled states.…

The use of satellites to distribute entangled photon pairs (and single photons) provides a unique solution for long-distance quantum communication networks. This overcomes the principle limitations of Earth-bound technology, i.e. the narrow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-17 Markus Aspelmeyer , Thomas Jennewein , Martin Pfennigbauer , Walter Leeb , Anton Zeilinger

Two photons can simultaneously share entanglement between several degrees of freedom such as polarization, energy-time, spatial mode and orbital angular momentum. This resource is known as hyperentanglement, and it has been shown to be an…

High-dimensional entanglement in the form of transverse spatial correlation between a pair of photons generated via spontaneous parametric downconversion is not only a valuable resource in many academic and real-life applications but also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-18 Rounak Chatterjee , Vikas S Bhat , Kiran Bajar , Sushil Mujumdar

We report on an elementary quantum network of two atomic ions separated by 230 m. The ions are trapped in different buildings and connected with 520(2) m of optical fiber. At each network node, the electronic state of an ion is entangled…

Pairs of photons entangled in their time-frequency degree of freedom are of great interest in quantum optics research and applications, due to their relative ease of generation and their high capacity for encoding information. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-23 Sofiane Merkouche , Valérian Thiel , Brian J. Smith

We experimentally demonstrated entanglement extraction scheme by using photons at the telecommunication band for optical-fiber-based quantum communications. We generated two pairs of non-degenerate polarization entangled photons at 780~nm…

Quantum entanglement between distant qubits is an important feature of quantum networks. Distribution of entanglement over long distances can be enabled through coherently interfacing qubit pairs via photonic channels. Here, we report the…

We analyze sharing Bell-type nonlocal correlation between two distant parties with optical hybrid states comprising a single photon polarization state and a multiphoton coherent state. By deploying entanglement swapping over the coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Subhankar Bera , Soumyakanti Bose , Hyunseok Jeong , Archan S Majumdar

We propose the use of hybrid entanglement in an entanglement swapping protocol, as means of distributing a Bell state with high fidelity to two parties, Alice and Bob. The hybrid entanglement used in this work is described as a discrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-01 R. C. Parker , J. Joo , T. P. Spiller

We propose a scheme for long-distance quantum communication where the elementary entanglement is generated through two-photon interference and quantum swapping is performed through one-photon interference. Local "polarization" maximally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-03 Fang-Yu Hong , Shi-Jie Xiong , W. H. Tang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) based on entangled photon pairs holds the potential for repeater-based quantum networks connecting clients over long distance. We demonstrate long-distance entanglement distribution by means of…

Quantum teleportation strikingly underlines the peculiar features of the quantum world. We present an experimental proof of its quantum nature, teleporting an entangled photon with such high quality that the nonlocal quantum correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Thomas Jennewein , Gregor Weihs , Jian-Wei Pan , Anton Zeilinger

We report on the transmission of telecom photons entangled with a multimode solid-state quantum memory over a deployed optical fiber in a metropolitan area. Photon pairs were generated through spontaneous parametric down-conversion, with…

Transmitting entangled states over long distances is crucial for developing quantum networks. Previous demonstrations using satellites or fibers relied on photon pairs generated from bulk crystal arrangements. Polarization entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Jinyi Du , Xingjian Zhang , George F. R. Chen , Hongwei Gao , Dawn T. H. Tan , Alexander Ling

We report on a Bell experiment with space-like separation assuming that the measurement time is related to gravity-induced state reduction. Two energy-time entangled photons are sent through optical fibers and directed into unbalanced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-12 D. Salart , A. Baas , J. A. W. van Houwelingen , N. Gisin , H. Zbinden

Entanglement between light and matter combines the advantage of long distance transmission of photonic qubits with the storage and processing capabilities of atomic qubits. To distribute photonic states efficiently over long distances…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Pau Farrera , Georg Heinze , Hugues de Riedmatten

Entanglement between stationary quantum memories and photonic channels is the essential resource for future quantum networks. Together with entanglement distillation it will enable for efficient distribution of quantum states. Here we…