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We propose an operational definition of complementarity, pinning down the concept originally introduced by Bohr. Two properties of a system are considered complementary if they cannot be simultaneously well defined. We further show that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Davide Rolino , Paolo Perinotti , Alessandro Tosini

We derive essential elements of quantum mechanics from a parametric structure extending that of traditional mathematical statistics. The basic setting is a set $\mathcal{A}$ of incompatible experiments, and a transformation group $G$ on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-10 Inge S. Helland

Quantum correlations and other phenomena characteristic to a quantum world can be understood as simply consequences of a principle derived from the postulates of Quantum Mechanics. This explanatory principle states that these phenomena…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-01 Ovidiu-Cristinel Stoica

It is a fundamental prediction of quantum theory that states of physical systems are described by complex vectors or density operators on a Hilbert space. However, many experiments admit effective descriptions in terms of other state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-04 Markus P. Mueller , Andrew J. P. Garner

We reframe the EPR argument through an operational lens, replacing the notion of fixed "elements of reality" with context-indexed conditional states - what's often referred to as a measurement assemblage. This move deliberately sidesteps…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Mikołaj Sienicki , Krzysztof Sienicki

Recently, Bohr's complementarity principle was assessed in setups involving delayed choices. These works argued in favor of a reformulation of the aforementioned principle so as to account for situations in which a quantum system would…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-06 R. M. Angelo , A. D. Ribeiro

Quantum theory does not only predict probabilities, but also relative phases for any experiment, that involves measurements of an ensemble of systems at different moments of time. We argue, that any operational formulation of quantum theory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Charis Anastopoulos

In quantum physics, the notion of contextuality has a variety of interpretations which are typically associated with the names of their inventors, say Bohr, Bell, Kochen and Specker, and recently Dzhafarov. In fact, Bohr was the first who…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-08 Andrei Khrennikov

Contextuality is a feature of quantum correlations. It is crucial from a foundational perspective as a nonclassical phenomenon, and from an applied perspective as a resource for quantum advantage. It is commonly defined in terms of hidden…

Complementarity is one of the main features of quantum physics that radically departs from classical notions. Here we consider the limitations that this principle imposes due to the unpredictability of measurement outcomes of incompatible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-29 F. E. S. Steinhoff , M. C. de Oliveira

Reduction of a state of a quantum system to a subsystem gives partial quantum information about the true state of the total system. Two subalgebras A1 and A2 of B(H) are called complementary if the traceless subspaces of A1 and A2 are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Denes Petz

Quantum theory does not provide a unique definition for the joint probability of two non-commuting observables, which is the next important question after the Born's probability for a single observable. Instead, various definitions were…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-04 Armen E. Allahverdyan , Arshag Danageozian

Wave--particle duality is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, traditionally formulated under definite causal order. We investigate how complementarity is modified when the temporal order of operations is coherently superposed, as in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Mohd Asad Siddiqui , Md Qutubuddin , Tabish Qureshi

We derive a generalized wave-particle duality relation for arbitrary multipath quantum interference phenomena. Beyond the conventional notion of the wave nature of a quantum system, i.e., the interference fringe visibility, we introduce a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-23 Manabendra Nath Bera , Tabish Qureshi , Mohd Asad Siddiqui , Arun Kumar Pati

We explore further the suggestion to describe a pre- and post-selected system by a two-state, which is determined by two conditions. Starting with a formal definition of a two-state Hilbert space and basic operations, we systematically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-28 B. Reznik , Y. Aharonov

The concept of complementarity, originally defined for non-commuting observables of quantum systems with states of non-vanishing dispersion, is extended to classical dynamical systems with a partitioned phase space. Interpreting partitions…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-26 P. beim Graben , H. Atmanspacher

In this paper, a modified formulation of generalized probabilistic theories that will always give rise to the structure of Hilbert space of quantum mechanics, in any finite outcome space, is presented and the guidelines to how to extend…

General Physics · Physics 2022-09-19 Raed M. Shaiia

We establish connections between the requirement of measurability of a probability space and the principle of complimentarity in quantum mechanics. It is shown that measurability of a probability space implies the dependence of results of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. A. Slavnov

Modal interpretations have the ambition to construe quantum mechanics as an objective, man-independent description of physical reality. Their second leading idea is probabilism: quantum mechanics does not completely fix physical reality but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dennis Dieks

Complementarity was originally introduced as a qualitative concept for the discussion of properties of quantum mechanical objects that are classically incompatible. More recently, complementarity has become a \emph{quantitative} relation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Xinhua Peng , Xiwen Zhu , Dieter Suter , Jiangfeng Du , Maili Liu , Kelin Gao