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Weak measurements with imaginary weak values are reexamined in light of recent experimental results. The shift of the meter, due to the imaginary part of the weak value, is derived via the probability of postselection, which allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-16 Yaron Kedem

As with a Bell inequality, Hardy's paradox manifests a contradiction between the prediction given by quantum theory and local-hidden variable theories. In this work, we give two generalizations of Hardy's arguments for manifesting such a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Kai-Siang Chen , Shiladitya Mal , Gelo Noel M. Tabia , Yeong-Cherng Liang

Aharonov-Albert-Vaidman's weak values are investigated by a semiclassical method. Examples of the semiclassical calculation that reproduces "anomalous" weak values are shown. Furthermore, a complex extension of Ehrenfest's quantum-classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-19 Atushi Tanaka

Characterizing high-dimensional entangled states is of crucial importance in quantum information science and technology. Recent theoretical progress has been made to extend the Hardy's paradox into a general scenario with multisetting…

Optics · Physics 2020-05-27 Dongkai Zhang , Xiaodong Qiu , Tianlong Ma , Wuhong Zhang , Lixiang Chen

A precise definition of "weak [quantum] measurements" and "weak value" (of a quantum observable) is offered, and simple finite dimensional examples are given showing that weak values are not unique and therefore probably do not correspond…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-01 Stephen Parrott

A relation is obtained between weak values of quantum observables and the consistency criterion for histories of quantum events. It is shown that ``strange'' weak values for projection operators (such as values less than zero) always…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. E. Kastner

Weak measurements have an increasing number of applications in contemporary quantum mechanics. They were originally described as a weak interaction that slightly entangled the translational degrees of freedom of a particle to its spin,…

We extend the idea of weak measurements to the general case, provide a complete treatment and obtain results for both the regime when the pre-selected and post-selected states (PPS) are almost orthogonal and the regime when they are exactly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Shengjun Wu , Yang Li

We present a general framework of examining the validity of weak measurement -- the standard procedure to acquire Aharonov's weak value -- which has been used intensively in recent years for precision measurement, taking advantage of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-14 Yuichiro Mori , Jaeha Lee , Izumi Tsutsui

Weak values are the fundamental values for observables in a pre- and post-selected system. Weak values are typically measured by weak measurement, in which weak values appear in the change of not the pre- and post-selected system but the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-21 Kazuhisa Ogawa , Hirokazu Kobayashi , Akihisa Tomita

Although logical consistency is desirable in scientific research, standard statistical hypothesis tests are typically logically inconsistent. In order to address this issue, previous work introduced agnostic hypothesis tests and proved that…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Julio M. Stern , Luis G. Esteves , Rafael Izbicki , Rafael B. Stern

In this, partly pedagogical review, I attempt to give a self-contained overview of the basis of (non-relativistic) QM measurement theory expressed in density matrix formalism. The focus is on applications to the theory of weak measurement,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-27 Bengt E. Y. Svensson

Despite their important applications in metrology and in spite of numerous experimental demonstrations, weak measurements are still confusing for part of the community. This sometimes leads to unjustified criticism. Recent papers have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-17 Eliahu Cohen

The weak value of an observable is experimentally accessible by weak measurements as theoretically analyzed by Aharonov et al. and recently experimentally demonstrated. We introduce a weak operator associated with the weak values and give a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-11 Yutaka Shikano , Akio Hosoya

We derive schemes to measure the so-called weak values of quantum system observables by coupling of the system to a qubit meter system. We highlight, in particular, the meaning of the imaginary part of the weak values, and show how it can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Shengjun Wu , Klaus Mølmer

Historically, weak values have been associated with weak measurements performed on quantum systems. Over the past two decades, a series of works have shown that weak values can be determined via measurements of arbitrary strength. One such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 David R. A. Ruelas Paredes , Mariano Uria , Eduardo Massoni , Francisco De Zela

Recently, Chen et al introduced an alternative form of Hardy's paradox for $2$-settings and high-dimensional systems [Phy. Rev. A 88, 062116 (2013)], in which there is a great progress in improving the maximum probability of the nonlocal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-12 H. X. Meng , J. Zhou , Z. P. Xu , H. Y. Su , T. Gao , F. L. Yan , J. L. Chen

We introduce a notion of weak convergence in arbitrary metric spaces. Metric functionals are key in our analysis: weak convergence of sequences in a given metric space is tested against all the metric functionals defined on said space. When…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-05 Armando W. Gutiérrez , Olavi Nevanlinna

Weak values are traditionally obtained using a weak interaction between the measured system and a pointer state. It has, however, been pointed out that weak coupling can be replaced by a carefully tailored strong interaction. This paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Jan Roik , Karel Lemr , Antonín Černoch , Karol Bartkiewicz

The Hardy experiment is analyzed from the standpoint of the Transactional Interpretation (TI) in its possibilist variant, PTI. It is argued that PTI provides a natural and illuminating account of the associated phenomena, resolving the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-25 R. E. Kastner