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Related papers: The Bloch-vector space for N-level systems -- the …

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Understanding the structure of multi-qubit quantum states is essential for both quantum information research and education, yet intuitive visualization beyond the single-qubit Bloch sphere remains challenging. In this work, we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Satoru Shoji

The Bloch sphere is a generic picture describing a coupled two-level system and the coherent dynamics of its superposition states under control of electromagnetic fields. It is commonly employed to visualise a broad variety of phenomena…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-07-19 Thomas Faust , Johannes Rieger , Maximilian J. Seitner , Jörg P. Kotthaus , Eva M. Weig

A topological formulation of the eigenspace anholonomy, where eigenspaces are interchanged by adiabatic cycles, is introduced. The anholonomy in two-level systems is identified with a disclination of the director (headless vector) of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-09 Atushi Tanaka , Taksu Cheon

We have given a novel formulation of the exact solutions for the lambda, vee and cascade three-level systems where the Hamiltonian of each configuration is expressed in the SU(3) basis. The solutions are discussed from the perspective of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-27 Surajit Sen , Mihir Ranjan Nath , Tushar Kanti Dey , Gautam Gangopadhyay

An arbitrarily dense discretisation of the Bloch sphere of complex Hilbert states is constructed, where points correspond to bit strings of fixed finite length. Number-theoretic properties of trigonometric functions (not part of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-06 T. N. Palmer

We study separability criteria in multipartite quantum systems of arbitrary dimensions by using the Bloch representation of density matrices. We first derive the norms of the correlation tensors and obtain the necessary conditions for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-08 Hui Zhao , Mei-Ming Zhang , Naihuan Jing , Zhi-Xi Wang

Positive operator valued measurements on a finite number of N identically prepared systems of arbitrary spin J are discussed. Pure states are characterized in terms of Bloch-like vectors restricted by a SU(2 J+1) covariant constraint. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Acin , J. I. Latorre , P. Pascual

We show that when N>>1 the geometric entanglement measure of general N-qubit W states, except maximally entangled W states, is a one-variable function and depends only on the Bloch vector with the minimal z component. Hence one can prepare…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-12 Levon Tamaryan , Zaruhi Ohanyan , Sayatnova Tamaryan

Given n qubits prepared according to the same unknown density operator, we propose a nondestructive measuring method which approximately yields the eigenstates. It is shown that, for any plane which passes through the center point of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-22 Jingliang Gao , Feng Cai

Quantum geometry is a key quantity that distinguishes electrons in a crystal from those in the vacuum. Its study continues to provide insights into quantum materials, uncovering new design principles for their discovery. However, unlike the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-01-03 Tyler B. Smith , Lakshmi Pullasseri , Ajit Srivastava

There is great interest in generating and controlling entanglement in Bose-Einstein condensates and similar ensembles for use in quantum computation, simulation, and sensing. One class of entangled states useful for enhanced metrology are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Michael R. Geller

We propose a measure of quantum steerability, namely a convex steering monotone, based on the trace distance between a given assemblage and its corresponding closest assemblage admitting a local-hidden-state (LHS) model. We provide methods…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-07 Huan-Yu Ku , Shin-Liang Chen , Costantino Budroni , Adam Miranowicz , Yueh-Nan Chen , Franco Nori

We present three different matrix bases that can be used to decompose density matrices of d--dimensional quantum systems, so-called qudits: the generalized Gell-Mann matrix basis, the polarization operator basis, and the Weyl operator…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-13 Reinhold A. Bertlmann , Philipp Krammer

Quantum computing is rapidly gaining popularity, necessitating intuitive visualization tools for complex quantum states. While the Bloch Sphere effectively visualizes single-qubit states, it fundamentally lacks scalability for multi-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Fritz Schinkel

We propose a generalization of the Bloch sphere representation for arbitrary spin states. It provides a compact and elegant representation of spin density matrices in terms of tensors that share the most important properties of Bloch…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-27 O. Giraud , D. Braun , D. Baguette , T. Bastin , J. Martin

A generalized Bloch sphere, in which the states of a quantum entity of arbitrary dimension are geometrically represented, is investigated and further extended, to also incorporate the measurements. This extended representation constitutes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-16 Diederik Aerts , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

The state of a finite-dimensional quantum system is described by a density matrix that can be decomposed into a real diagonal, a real off-diagonal and and an imaginary off-diagonal part. The latter plays a peculiar role. While it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-24 Simon Morelli , Santiago Llorens , Jens Siewert

We propose in this work a practical approach to address the longstanding and challenging problem of quantum separability, leveraging the correlation matrices of generic observables. General separability conditions are obtained by dint of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Ma-Cheng Yang , Cong-Feng Qiao

In the field of quantum information science and technology, the representation and visualization of quantum states and related processes are essential for both research and education. In this context, a focus especially lies on ensembles of…

The bulk-boundary correspondence is an integral feature of topological analysis and the existence of boundary or interface modes offers direct insight into the topological structure of the Bloch wave function. While only the topology of the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-11-28 Chang-geun Oh , Doohee Cho , Se Young Park , Jun-Won Rhim