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We propose the use of hybrid entanglement in an entanglement swapping protocol, as means of distributing a Bell state with high fidelity to two parties, Alice and Bob. The hybrid entanglement used in this work is described as a discrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-01 R. C. Parker , J. Joo , T. P. Spiller

High-dimensional quantum systems offer a number of advantages in larger information capacity, stronger noise resiliency, higher improved efficiency and accuracy over the qubit systems. In quantum communication the maximally entangled states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Si-Qi Du , Guo-Zhu Song , Hai-Rui Wei

Quantum network protocols depend on the availability of shared entanglement. Given that entanglement generation and distribution are affected by noise, characterization of the shared entangled states is essential to bound the errors of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Noah Kaufmann , Maria Quadeer , David Elkouss

In a deterministic quantum key distribution (DQKD) protocol with a two-way quantum channel, Bob sends a qubit to Alice who then encodes a key bit onto the qubit and sends it back to Bob. After measuring the returned qubit, Bob can obtain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-02 Hua Lu , Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Xiongfeng Ma , Qing-yu Cai

We develop a protocol for entanglement generation in the quantum internet that allows a repeater node to use $n$-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) projective measurements that can fuse $n$ successfully-entangled {\em links}, i.e.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Ashlesha Patil , Mihir Pant , Dirk Englund , Don Towsley , Saikat Guha

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables Alice and Bob to exchange a secret key over a public, untrusted quantum channel. Compared to classical key exchange, QKD achieves everlasting security: after the protocol execution the key is secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Alex B. Grilo , Giulio Malavolta , Michael Walter , Tianwei Zhang

We present a bidirectional modification of the standard one-qubit teleportation protocol, where both Alice and Bob transfer noisy versions of their qubit states to each other by using single Bell state and auxiliary (trigger) qubits. Three…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-22 E. O. Kiktenko , A. A. Popov , A. K. Fedorov

Prepare and measure quantum key distribution protocols can be decomposed into two basic steps: delivery of the signals over a quantum channel and distillation of a secret key from the signal and measurement records by classical processing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Joseph M. Renes , Markus Grassl

We suggest implementation of quantum teleportation protocol of unknown qubit beyond Bell states formalism. Hybrid entangled state composed of coherent components that belong to Alice and dual-rail single photon at Bob disposal is used.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-21 Sergey A. Podoshvedov , Jaewan Kim

Entanglement is a critical resource used in many current quantum information schemes. As such entanglement has been extensively studied in two qubit systems and its entanglement nature has been exhibited by violations of the Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 W. J. Munro , K. Nemoto , A. G. White

In this paper, different from the other existing methods that only the special and limited numbers of qubits transmit between Alice and Bob, a general method is proposed to implement Bidirectional Quantum Controlled/uncontrolled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-25 Moein Sarvaghad-Moghaddam , Negin Fatahi

Inspired from quantum key distribution, we consider wireless communication between Alice and Bob when the intermediate space between Alice and Bob is controlled by Eve. That is, our model divides the channel noise into two parts, the noise…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Masahito Hayashi

We present a quantum secure direct communication scheme achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. In this scheme a set of ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is used as a quantum information channel for sending secret messages…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ting Gao , Feng-Li Yan , Zhi-Xi Wang

A new concept of qubits is given by considering entanglement of ordinary quibits with quantum measuring devices (micro-detectors). They are called stochastic qubits since they are generalized coherent states used in the stochastic (phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-25 Abdallah Smida , Mahmoud Hachemane , Amel-Hiba Hamici

First, I show explicitly a scheme to {\it faithfully} and {\it deterministically} teleport an arbitrary 2-qubit state from Alice to Bob. In this scheme two same Bell states are sufficient for use. Bob can recover the 2-qubit state by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Zhan-jun Zhang

We propose a scheme of repeated generalized Bell state measurement (GBSM) for probabilistic quantum teleportation of single qubit state of a particle (say, 0) using 3-qubit non-maximally entangled (NME) GHZ state as a quantum channel. Alice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 Shamiya Javed , Ravi Kamal Pandey , Phool Singh Yadav , Ranjana Prakash , Hari Prakash

We study the problem of general entanglement purification protocols. Suppose Alice and Bob share a bipartite state $\rho$ which is ``reasonably close'' to perfect EPR pairs. The only information Alice and Bob possess is a lower bound on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andris Ambainis , Ke Yang

While all bipartite pure entangled states violate some Bell inequality, the relationship between entanglement and non-locality for mixed quantum states is not well understood. We introduce a simple and efficient algorithmic approach for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Barbara M. Terhal , Andrew C. Doherty , David Schwab

Achieving high fidelity of quantum teleportation (QT) in a noisy environment is an essential requirement for its real-world applications. To this end, we devise a distinctive protocol for ensuring teleportation fidelity {\it close to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Md Manirul Ali , Sovik Roy , Dipankar Home

The distribution of entanglement between macroscopically separated parties represents a crucial protocol for future quantum information networks. Surprisingly, it has been theoretically shown that two distant systems can be entangled by…