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We offer a piece of evidence that the problems of finding the number of mutually unbiased bases (MUB) and mutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLS) might not be equivalent. We study a particular procedure which has been shown to relate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-31 T. Paterek , M. Pawlowski , M. Grassl , C. Brukner

We study the problem of constructing mutually unbiased bases in dimension six. This approach is based on an efficient numerical method designed to find solutions to the quantum state reconstruction problem in finite dimensions. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-24 D. Goyeneche

In this paper, we prove that the existence of a complete set of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in N-dimensional Hilbert space implies the existence of a complete set of mutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLSs) of order N. In particular, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Stefan Joka

Two orthonormal bases B and B' of a d-dimensional complex inner-product space are called mutually unbiased if and only if |<b|b'>|^2=1/d holds for all b in B and b' in B'. The size of any set containing (pairwise) mutually unbiased bases of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Andreas Klappenecker , Martin Roetteler

A set of $k$ orthonormal bases of $\mathbb C^d$ is called mutually unbiased if $|\langle e,f\rangle |^2 = 1/d$ whenever $e$ and $f$ are basis vectors in distinct bases. A natural question is for which pairs $(d,k)$ there exist~$k$ mutually…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-01 Sander Gribling , Sven Polak

We develop a strong connection between maximally commuting bases of orthogonal unitary matrices and mutually unbiased bases. A necessary condition of the existence of mutually unbiased bases for any finite dimension is obtained. Then a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Somshubhro Bandyopadhyay , P. Oscar Boykin , Vwani Roychowdhury , Farrokh Vatan

The density matrix of a qudit may be reconstructed with optimal efficiency if the expectation values of a specific set of observables are known. In dimension six, the required observables only exist if it is possible to identify six…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-08 Stephen Brierley , Stefan Weigert

The mean king's problem with maximal mutually unbiased bases (MUB's) in general dimension d is investigated. It is shown that a solution of the problem exists if and only if the maximal number (d+1) of orthogonal Latin squares exists. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Hayashi , M. Horibe , T. Hashimoto

We develop a new technique to construct mutually unbiased tripartite absolutely maximally entangled bases. We first explore the tripartite absolutely maximally entangled bases and mutually unbiased bases in $\mathbb{C}^{d} \otimes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 Tian Xie , Yajuan Zang , Hui-Juan Zuo , Shao-Ming Fei

All complex Hadamard matrices in dimensions two to five are known. We use this fact to derive all inequivalent sets of mutually unbiased (MU) bases in low dimensions. We find a three-parameter family of triples of MU bases in dimension four…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-08-09 Stephen Brierley , Stefan Weigert , Ingemar Bengtsson

We tabulate bounds on the optimal number of mutually unbiased bases in R^d. For most dimensions d, it can be shown with relatively simple methods that either there are no real orthonormal bases that are mutually unbiased or the optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Oscar Boykin , Meera Sitharam , Mohamad Tarifi , Pawel Wocjan

Mutually unbiased bases encapsulate the concept of complementarity - the impossibility of simultaneous knowledge of certain observables - in the formalism of quantum theory. Although this concept is at the heart of quantum mechanics, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-19 Tomasz Paterek , Borivoje Dakic , Caslav Brukner

We study the connection between mutually unbiased bases and mutually orthogonal extraordinary supersquares, a wider class of squares which does not contain only the Latin squares. We show that there are four types of complete sets of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-24 Iulia Ghiu , Cristian Ghiu

It is known that real Mutually Unbiased Bases (MUBs) do not exist for any dimension $d > 2$ which is not divisible by 4. Thus, the next combinatorial question is how one can construct Approximate Real MUBs (ARMUBs) in this direction with…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ajeet Kumar , Rakesh Kumar , Subhamoy Maitra , Uddipto Mandal

We present a systematic method to introduce free parameters in sets of mutually unbiased bases. In particular, we demonstrate that any set of m real mutually unbiased bases in dimension N>2 admits the introduction of (m-1)N/2 free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-19 Dardo Goyeneche , Santiago Gomez

Maximal sets of mutually unbiased bases are useful throughout quantum physics, both in a foundational context and for applications. To date, it remains unknown if complete sets of mutually unbiased bases exist in Hilbert spaces of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Daniel McNulty , Stefan Weigert

An analytical method for getting new complex Hadamard matrices by using mutually unbiased bases and a nonlinear doubling formula is provided. The method is illustrated with the n=4 case that leads to a rich family of eight-dimensional…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-11-02 Petre Dita

The study of Mutually Unbiased Bases continues to be developed vigorously, and presents several challenges in the Quantum Information Theory. Two orthonormal bases in $\mathbb C^d, B {and} B'$ are said mutually unbiased if $\forall b\in B,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-12 M. Combescure

Construction of a large class of Mutually Unbiased Bases (MUBs) for non-prime power composite dimensions ($d = k\times s$) is a long standing open problem, which leads to different construction methods for the class Approximate MUBs (AMUBs)…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Ajeet Kumar , Subhamoy Maitra

We initiate a systematic study of triplets of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs). We show that in $\mathbb{C}^d$ each MUB-triplet is characterized by a $d\times d\times d$ object that we call a Hadamard cube. We describe the basic properties of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Máte Matolcsi , Ákos K. Matszangosz , Dániel Varga , Mihály Weiner
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