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Consider the interior of a black hole or the very early universe: matter is so densely localized that neither the effects of gravity nor those of quantum theory can be ignored. But this entails that neither general relativity nor quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-02 Hassan Mehmood

We argue in a model-independent way that the Hilbert space of quantum gravity is locally finite-dimensional. In other words, the density operator describing the state corresponding to a small region of space, when such a notion makes sense,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-11-22 Ning Bao , Sean M. Carroll , Ashmeet Singh

The relativity to the measuring device in quantum theory, i.e. the covariance of local dynamical variables relative transformations to moving quantum reference frame in Hilbert space, may be achieved only by the rejection of super-selection…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Leifer

Recent arguments based on the quantum extremal surface formula or the gravitational path integral have given fairly compelling evidence that the Hilbert space of quantum gravity in a closed universe is one-dimensional and real. How can this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-20 Daniel Harlow , Mykhaylo Usatyuk , Ying Zhao

The theories of quantum mechanics and relativity dramatically altered our understanding of the universe ushering in the era of modern physics. Quantum theory deals with objects probabilistically at small scales, whereas relativity deals…

General Physics · Physics 2021-04-13 John Skilling , Kevin H. Knuth

In this paper, we investigate the connection between Classical and Quantum Mechanics by dividing Quantum Theory in two parts: - General Quantum Axiomatics (a system is described by a state in a Hilbert space, observables are self-adjoint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 H. Bergeron

General relativity describes the gravitational field geometrically and in a self-interacting way because it couples to all forms of energy, including its own. Both features make finding a quantum theory difficult, yet it is important in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-02 Martin Bojowald

We discuss the problems of quantum theory (QT) complicating its merging with general relativity (GR). QT is treated as a general theory of micro-phenomena - a bunch of models. Quantum mechanics (QM) and quantum field theory (QFT) are the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-18 Andrei Khrennikov

There is a long-standing debate about whether gravity should be quantised. A powerful line of argument in favour of quantum gravity considers models of hybrid systems consisting of coupled quantum-classical sectors. The conclusion is that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-14 Chiara Marletto , Vlatko Vedral

The quantum world is described by a unit vector in the Hilbert space and the Hamiltonian. Do these abstract basis-independent objects give a complete description of the physical world, or should we include observables like positions and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-14 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica

The principal goal of this paper is to pass all quantum probability formulas to the projective space associated to the complex Hilbert space of a given quantum system, providing a more complete geometrization of quantum theory. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Stephen Bruce Sontz

In this talk we entertain the possibility that the synthesis of general covariance and quantum mechanics requires an extension of the basic kinematical setup of quantum mechanics. According to the holographic principle, regions of spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Vijay Balasubramanian , Jan de Boer , Djordje Minic

General aspects of vielbein representation, ADM formulation and canonical quantization of gravity are reviewed using pure gravity in three dimensions as a toy model. The classical part focusses on the role of observers in general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-19 Hans-Juergen Matschull

General Relativity describes gravity in geometrical terms. This suggests that quantizing such theory is the same as quantizing geometry. The subject can therefore be called quantum geometry and one may think that mathematicians are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-18 J. Manuel Garcia-Islas

Quantum theory is a probabilistic theory with fixed causal structure. General relativity is a deterministic theory but where the causal structure is dynamic. It is reasonable to expect that quantum gravity will be a probabilistic theory…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Lucien Hardy

Curvature is a key notion in General Relativity, characterizing the local physical properties of spacetime. By contrast, the concept of curvature has received scant attention in nonperturbative quantum gravity. One may even wonder whether…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-27 R. Loll

Any two infinite-dimensional (separable) Hilbert spaces are unitarily isomorphic. The sets of all their self-adjoint operators are also therefore unitarily equivalent. Thus if all self-adjoint operators can be observed, and if there is no…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 A. P. Balachandran

In physics, experiments ultimately inform us as to what constitutes a good theoretical model of any physical concept: physical space should be no exception. The best picture of physical space in Newtonian physics is given by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-14 Chuan Sheng Chew , Otto C. W. Kong , Jason Payne

In this letter I stress the role of causal reversibility (time-symmetry), together with causality and locality, in the justification of the quantum formalism. Firstly, in the algebraic quantum formalism, I show that the assumption of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-27 Francois David

Theories based on General Relativity or Quantum Mechanics have taken a leading position in macroscopic and microscopic Physics, but fail when used in the other extremity. Thus, we try to establish a new structure of united theory based on…

General Physics · Physics 2014-04-14 Chang-kai Zhang