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We give an elementary introduction to the notion of quantum entanglement between distinguishable parties and review a recent proposal about solid state quantum computation with spin-qubits in quantum dots. The indistinguishable character of…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 John Schliemann , Daniel Loss

Quantum information is about the entanglement of states. To this starting point we add parameters whereby a single state becomes a non-vanishing section of a bundle. We consider through examples the possible entanglement patterns of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-23 M. H. Freedman , M. B. Hastings

Recently, the nonlocal optimal probabilistic cloning (NLOPC) of two non-orthogonal qubit states has been proposed [Phys. Rev. A 86, 052332 (2012)] by means of an experimental setup based on a pair of twin photons in a maximally entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-02 Nataly Cisternas , Gabriel Araneda , Omar Jiménez , Aldo Delgado

Quantum dense coding has been demonstrated experimentally in terms of quantum logic gates and circuits in quantum computation and NMR technique. Two bits of information have been transmitted through manipulating one of the maximally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Ximing Fang , Xiwen Zhu , Mang Feng , Xi'an Mao , Fei Du

Kernel methods are powerful for machine learning, as they can represent data in feature spaces that similarities between samples may be faithfully captured. Recently, it is realized that machine learning enhanced by quantum computing is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-22 Long Hin Li , Dan-Bo Zhang , Z. D. Wang

The impossibility of perfect cloning and state estimation are two fundamental results in Quantum Mechanics. It has been conjectured that quantum cloning becomes equivalent to state estimation in the asymptotic regime where the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-23 Joonwoo Bae , Antonio Acin

Quantum entanglement, as the strictly non-classical phenomena, is the kernel of quantum computing and quantum simulation, and has been widely applied ranging from fundamental tests of quantum physics to quantum information processing. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-08 Yao Wang , Yong-Heng Lu , Jun Gao , Ruo-Jing Ren , Yi-Jun Chang , Zhi-Qiang Jiao , Zhe-Yong Zhang , Xian-Min Jin

A method is given by which the descriptive content of quantum state information can be encoded into subparticle coordinates. This method is consistent with the MA-model solution to the general grand unification problem. Subparticle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-23 Robert A. Herrmann

The role of entanglement and quantum correlations in complex physical systems and quantum information processing devices has become a topic of intense study in the past two decades. In this work we present new tools for learning about…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-01 Michel Boyer , Aharon Brodutch , Tal Mor

The utilization of a $d$-level partially entangled state, shared by two parties wishing to communicate classical information without errors over a noiseless quantum channel, is discussed. We analytically construct deterministic dense coding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Shay Mozes , Benni Reznik , Jonathan Oppenheim

The cluster state model for quantum computation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5188] outlines a scheme that allows one to use measurement on a large set of entangled quantum systems in what is known as a cluster state to undertake quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 William Hall

We have prepared the internal states of two trapped ions in both the Bell-like singlet and triplet entangled states. In contrast to all other experiments with entangled states of either massive particles or photons, we do this in a…

Recently the explicit applicability of bound entanglement in quantum cryptography has been shown. In this paper some of recent results respecting this topic are reviewed. In particular relevant notions and definitions are reminded. The new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-12-27 Pawel Horodecki , Remigiusz Augusiak

The quantum mechanics formalism introduced new revolutionary concepts challenging our everyday perceptions. Arguably, quantum entanglement, which explains correlations that cannot be reproduced classically, is the most notable of them.…

In quantum mechanics, outcomes of measurements on a state have a probabilistic interpretation while the evolution of the state is treated deterministically. Here we show that one can also treat the evolution as being probabilistic in nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 J. Oppenheim , B. Reznik

There are fundamental limits to the accuracy with which one can determine the state of a quantum system. I give an overview of the main approaches to quantum state discrimination. Several strategies exist. In quantum hypothesis testing, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Anthony Chefles

Recently, Yamaguchi and Kempf [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136:010801, arXiv:2501.02757] proved that encrypted qubits can be cloned. In this work, we generalize the encrypted cloning protocol and prove that it also applies to higher-order quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Filip-Ioan Ceară

In this paper, we study the entanglement and quantum discord of the output modes in the unified $1\rightarrow 2$ state-dependent cloning and probabilistic quantum cloning. The tripartite entanglement among the output modes and the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 Jun Zhang , Shao-xiong Wu , Chang-shui Yu

We present a review of recent research on quantum entanglement, with special emphasis on entanglement between single atoms, processing of an encoded entanglement and its temporary evolution. Analysis based on the density matrix formalism…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Zbigniew Ficek

Unambiguous discrimination and exact cloning reduce the square-overlap between quantum states, exemplifying the more general type of procedure we term state separation. We obtain the maximum probability with which two equiprobable quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Anthony Chefles , Stephen M. Barnett