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The quantum mechanical measurement problem does not arise in the quantum real number approach to quantum measurements of the first kind. The attributes of individual microscopic systems in the experimental ensemble always have qr-number…

General Physics · Physics 2019-02-07 John V Corbett

Incompatibility between conjugate variables and complementary pictures comes in two kinds, exclusive of one another. The first kind is unconditional, and the second conditional on quantum's indivisibility. We employ this distinction to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Constantin Antonopoulos , Theodossios Papadimitropoulos

The usual conjectures of quantum measurements approaches, inspired from the traditional interpretation of Heisenberg's ("uncertainty") relations, are proved as being incorrect. A group of reconsidered conjectures and a corresponding new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Spiridon Dumitru

We discuss experimental situations that consist of multiple preparation and measurement stages. This leads us to a new approach to quantum mechanics. In particular, we introduce the idea of multi-time quantum states which are the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Y. Aharonov , S. Popescu , J. Tollaksen , L. Vaidman

The predictions that quantum theory makes about the outcomes of measurements are generally probabilistic. This has raised the question whether quantum theory can be considered complete, or whether there could exist alternative theories that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-13 Roger Colbeck , Renato Renner

Here we continue with the ideas expressed in "On the strangeness of quantum mechanics" aiming to demonstrate more concretely how this philosophical outlook might be used as a key for resolving the measurement problem. We will address in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-13 Marcello Poletti

We explain the quantum structure as due to the presence of two effects, (a) a real change of state of the entity under influence of the measurement and, (b) a lack of knowledge about a deeper deterministic reality of the measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Diederik Aerts

In quantum mechanics time usually appears as classical parameter which means that it is treated as being essentially different from spatial coordinates that are represented by operators. On the other hand, relativity theory demands to treat…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-30 Slobodan Prvanović , Dušan Arsenović

Classical probability theory supports probability measures, assigning a fixed positive real value to each event, these measures are far from satisfactory in formulating real-life occurrences. The main innovation of this paper is the…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-02-09 Yehuda Izhakian , Zur Izhakian

The quantum fluctuations of a physical property can be observed in the measurement statistics of any measurement that is at least partially sensitive to that physical property. Quantum theory indicates that the effective distribution of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-25 Holger F. Hofmann

The recently established universal uncertainty principle revealed that two nowhere commuting observables can be measured simultaneously in some state, whereas they have no joint probability distribution in any state. Thus, one measuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-24 Masanao Ozawa

This work develops a conceptual framework for the foundations of quantum physics, linking two main approaches: the algebraic formulation and quantum probability. Rather than proposing new axioms or theories, the text reorganizes and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Pandiscia Carlo

Two theorems with applications to the quantum theory of measurements are stated and proven. The first one clarifies and amends von Neumann's Measurement Postulate used in the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. The second one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-04 Simone Del Vecchio , Jürg Fröhlich , Alessandro Pizzo , Alessio Ranallo

Consider a statistical model with an epistemic restriction such that, unlike in classical mechanics, the allowed distribution of positions is fundamentally restricted by the form of an underlying momentum field. Assume an agent (observer)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-15 Agung Budiyono

Measurement incompatibility stipulates the existence of quantum measurements that cannot be carried out simultaneously on single systems. We show that the set of input-output probabilities obtained from d-dimensional classical systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-13 Debashis Saha , Debarshi Das , Arun Kumar Das , Bihalan Bhattacharya , A. S. Majumdar

Predictions for measurement outcomes in physical theories are usually computed by combining two distinct notions: a state, describing the physical system, and an observable, describing the measurement which is performed. In quantum theory,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-28 Markus P. Mueller , Cozmin Ududec

In almost every scientific field, an experiment involves collecting data and then analysing it. The analysis stage will often consist in trying to extract some physical parameter and estimating its uncertainty; this is known as Parameter…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-06-12 Louis Lyons

In the first part of this two-part article, we have introduced and analyzed a multidimensional model, called the 'general tension-reduction' (GTR) model, able to describe general quantum-like measurements with an arbitrary number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-17 Diederik Aerts , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

The aim of this expos\'e is to make explicit the analogy between the classical notion of non-independent probability distribution and the quantum notion of entangled state. To bring that analogy forth, we consider a classical systems with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Henryk Gzyl

Results of measurements give legitimacy to a physical theory. What if acquiring these results in the first place necessitates what the same theory considers to be an interaction? In this note, we assume that theories account for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Arne Hansen , Stefan Wolf