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This work is intended as an introduction to cryptographic security and a motivation for the widely used Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) security definition. We review the notion of security necessary for a protocol to be usable in a larger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-12 Christopher Portmann , Renato Renner

Copy-protection allows a software distributor to encode a program in such a way that it can be evaluated on any input, yet it cannot be "pirated" - a notion that is impossible to achieve in a classical setting. Aaronson (CCC 2009) initiated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 Andrea Coladangelo , Christian Majenz , Alexander Poremba

Determining whether a quantum state is separable or entangled is a problem of fundamental importance in quantum information science. It has recently been shown that this problem is NP-hard. There is a highly inefficient `basic algorithm'…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 L. M. Ioannou , B. C. Travaglione , D. Cheung , A. K. Ekert

Physical unclonable functions(PUFs) provide a unique fingerprint to a physical entity by exploiting the inherent physical randomness. Gao et al. discussed the vulnerability of most current-day PUFs to sophisticated machine learning-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-24 Kaushik Chakraborty , Mina Doosti , Yao Ma , Chirag Wadhwa , Myrto Arapinis , Elham Kashefi

At CRYPTO 2013, Boneh and Zhandry initiated the study of quantum-secure encryption. They proposed first indistinguishability definitions for the quantum world where the actual indistinguishability only holds for classical messages, and they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-24 Tommaso Gagliardoni , Andreas Hülsing , Christian Schaffner

Quantum key distribution (QKD) refers to specific quantum strategies which permit the secure distribution of a secret key between two parties that wish to communicate secretly. Quantum cryptography has proven unconditionally secure in ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-14 C. Rodó , O. Romero-Isart , K. Eckert , A. Sanpera

Quantum Cryptography is a rapidly developing field of research that benefits from the properties of Quantum Mechanics in performing cryptographic tasks. Quantum walks are a powerful model for quantum computation and very promising for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-04 C. Vlachou , J. Rodrigues , P. Mateus , N. Paunković , A. Souto

Quantum computing is an emerging computing paradigm that can potentially transform several application areas by solving some of the intractable problems from classical domain. Similar to classical computing systems, quantum computing stack…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Swaroop Ghosh , Suryansh Upadhyay , Abdullah Ash Saki

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can be used to establish a secret key between trusted parties. Many practical use-cases in communication networks, however, involve parties who do not trust each other. A fundamental cryptographic building…

This presentation focuses on differences between quantum computing and quantum cryptography. Both are discussed related to classical computer systems in terms of vulnerability. Research concerning quantum cryptography is analyzed in terms…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-09-30 Dennis Hollenbeck , Ian Malloy

In counterfactual quantum key distribution (QKD), two remote parties can securely share random polarization-encoded bits through the blocking rather than the transmission of particles. We propose a semi-counterfactual QKD, i.e., one where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-28 Akshata Shenoy H. , R. Srikanth , T. Srinivas

We address a problem of identifying a given pure state with one of two reference pure states, when no classical knowledge on the reference states is given, but a certain number of copies of them are available. We assume the input state is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Hayashi , M. Horibe , T. Hashimoto

It is well known that Shor's quantum algorithm for integer factorization can break down the RSA public-key cryptosystem, which is widely used in many cryptographic applications. Thus, public-key cryptosystems in the quantum computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Takeshi Koshiba

Using the previously shared Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs, a proposal which can be used to distribute a quantum key and identify the user's identification simultaneously is presented. In this scheme, two local unitary operations and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Bao-Sen Shi , Jian Li , Jin-Ming Liu , Xiao-Feng Fan , Guang-Can Guo

We prove that recognizing the phase of matter of an unknown quantum state is quantum computationally hard. More specifically, we show that the quantum computational time of any phase recognition algorithm must grow exponentially in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Thomas Schuster , Dominik Kufel , Norman Y. Yao , Hsin-Yuan Huang

The laws of physics play a crucial role in the security of quantum key distribution (QKD). This fact has often been misunderstood as if the security of QKD would be based only on the laws of physics. As the experts know well, things are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-03 Valerio Scarani , Christian Kurtsiefer

We propose the concept of pseudorandom states and study their constructions, properties, and applications. Under the assumption that quantum-secure one-way functions exist, we present concrete and efficient constructions of pseudorandom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Zhengfeng Ji , Yi-Kai Liu , Fang Song

The advent of quantum computing poses a significant challenge as it has the potential to break certain cryptographic algorithms, necessitating a proactive approach to identify and modernize cryptographic code. Identifying these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Micha Moffie , Omer Boehm , Anatoly Koyfman , Eyal Bin , Efrayim Sztokman , Sukanta Bhattacharjee , Meghnath Saha , James McGugan

Noise causes severe difficulties in implementing quantum computing and quantum cryptography. Several schemes have been suggested to reduce this problem, mainly focusing on quantum computation. Motivated by quantum cryptography, we suggest a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. Mor

Drawing independent samples from a probability distribution is an important computational problem with applications in Monte Carlo algorithms, machine learning, and statistical physics. The problem can in principle be solved on a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Dominik S. Wild , Dries Sels , Hannes Pichler , Cristian Zanoci , Mikhail D. Lukin