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The role of quantum entanglement in thermodynamical systems remains elusive. Does entanglement result in thermodynamic advantages or does it impose fundamental limitations? Here, we unambiguously quantify the amount of heat and work in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Joan Alba , Laura Ares , Jan Sperling , Julien Pinske

We present a detailed analysis of slowly driven quantum thermal machines based on interacting qubits within the framework of the Lindblad master equation. By implementing a systematic expansion in the driving rate, we derive explicit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Gerónimo J. Caselli , Luis O. Manuel , Liliana Arrachea

We take the perspective of open quantum systems and examine from their nonequilibrium dynamics the conditions when the physical quantities, their relations and the laws of thermodynamics become well defined and viable for quantum many body…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-30 Jen-Tsung Hsiang , C. H. Chou , Y. Subaşi , B. L. Hu

Understanding the thermodynamic properties of many-body quantum systems and their emergence from microscopic laws is a topic of great significance due to its profound fundamental implications and extensive practical applications. Recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-05 Antonio Palamara , Francesco Plastina , Antonello Sindona , Irene D'Amico

Landauer discussed the minimum energy necessary for computation and stated that erasure of information is accompanied by heat generation to the amount of kT ln2/bit. Modifying the above statement, we claim that erasure of information is…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-10-31 Shunya Ishioka , Nobuko Fuchikami

In this paper I apply newly-proposed information-theoretic principles to thermodynamic work extraction. I show that if it is possible to extract work deterministically from a physical system prepared in any one of a set of states, then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Chiara Marletto

Thermodynamics connects our knowledge of the world to our capability to manipulate and thus to control it. This crucial role of control is exemplified by the third law of thermodynamics, Nernst's unattainability principle, which states that…

We present a scattering approach for the study of the transport and thermodynamics of quantum systems strongly coupled to their thermal environment(s). This formalism recovers the standard non-equilibrium Green's function expressions for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-07-15 Alexander Semenov , Abraham Nitzan

In our recent letter [1] we discussed that thermodynamics is violated in quantum Brownian motion beyond the weak coupling limit. In his comment, Tasaki [2] derives an inequality for the relative entropy and claims, without making any…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. E. Allahverdyan , Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

We extend the Carath\'{e}odory principle of the Second Law to quantum thermodynamics with energy levels depending on macroscopic variables, such as volume and magnetic field. This extension introduces the concept of Quantum Thermodynamic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-09 Ruo-Xun Zhai , C. P. Sun

Two approaches to describe the thermodynamics of a subsystem that interacts with a thermal bath are considered. Within the first approach, the mean system energy $E_{S}$ is identified with the expectation value of the system Hamiltonian,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-07-08 M. F. Gelin , M. Thoss

Originally formulated for macroscopic machines, the laws of thermodynamics were recently shown to hold for quantum systems coupled to ideal sources of work (external classical fields) and heat (systems at equilibrium). Ongoing efforts have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-29 Cyril Elouard , Camille Lombard Latune

We revisit the problem of work extraction from a system in contact with a heat bath to a work storage system, and the reverse problem of state formation from a thermal system state in single-shot quantum thermodynamics. A physically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-18 Shang-Yung Wang

The amount of heat generated by computers is rapidly becoming one of the main problems for developing new generations of information technology. The thermodynamics of computation sets the ultimate physical bounds on heat generation. A lower…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-30 Daniel Bedingham , Owen Maroney

Recent work using tools from quantum information theory has shown that at the nanoscale where quantum effects become prevalent, there is not one thermodynamical second law but many. Derivations of these laws assume that an experimenter has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-19 Chris Perry , Piotr Ćwikliński , Janet Anders , Michał Horodecki , Jonathan Oppenheim

Several prior attempts to formulate the Laws of Thermodynamics for a small region within a larger quantum system have led to inconsistencies and unexplained infinities. The entropy and external work, in particular, require careful analysis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Parth Kumar , Charles A. Stafford

Quantum thermal states are known to be passive, as required by the second law of thermodynamics. This paper investigates the potential for work extraction by coupling a thermal bath to a qubit of either spin, fermionic, or topological type,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Jhh-Jing Hong , Feng-Li Lin

We discuss in general how to geometrically visualize a qudit system, with a particular interest in thermal states. The principle of maximum entropy is used to study the geometric properties of an ensemble of finite dimensional Hamiltonian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-10 J. A. López-Saldívar , O. Castaños , S. Cordero , E. Nahmad-Achar , R. López-Peña

Landauer's principle bridges information theory and thermodynamics by linking the entropy change of a system during a process to the average energy dissipated to its environment. Although typically discussed in the context of erasing a…

It is an established fact that quantum coherences have thermodynamic value. The natural question arises, whether other genuine quantum properties such as entanglement can also be exploited to extract thermodynamic work. In the present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-23 Akram Touil , Barış Çakmak , Sebastian Deffner
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