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We report observation of an inverse energy cascade in second sound acoustic turbulence in He II. Its onset occurs above a critical driving energy and it is accompanied by giant waves that constitute an acoustic analogue of the rogue waves…
The entanglement properties of two-electron atomic systems have been the subject of considerable research activity in recent years. These studies are still somewhat fragmentary, focusing on numerical computations on particular states of…
Currently there are two significantly different observational determinations of the primordial helium abundance, and, if only statistical errors in He4 abundance determinations are considered, the discrepancies between the observational…
We extend previous work showing that violation of the null energy condition implies instability in a broad class of models, including gauge theories with scalar and fermionic matter as well as any perfect fluid. Simple examples are given to…
We discuss the vacuum energy density term resulting from the spontaneous breakdown of the electroweak gauge symmetry, in the Higgs Mechanism. We alternatively expand the scalar field at one of the degenerate states that lie outside the…
The proof of Higgs mechanism in a weakly coupled lattice gauge theory in $d \geqslant 2$ is revisited. A new power series cluster expansion is applied and the mass gap is shown to exist for the observable $F_{\mu\nu}$.
Superfluid helium II contains excitations known as rotons. Their properties have been studied experimentally for more than 70 years but their structure is not fully understood. Feynman's 1954 description, involving rotating flow patterns,…
We investigate the gap formation probability of the effective one dimensional gas model proposed the energy level statistics for disordered solids.
The nature of Dark Energy is still very much a mystery, and the combination of a variety of experimental tests, sensitive to different potential Dark Energy properties, will help elucidate its origins. This white paper briefly surveys the…
Generation of a quasi-stationary flow of the superfluid helium normal part in the presence of intense first- and second-sound waves is studied. Relevant equations are obtained. The contribution to the process of energy dissipation at the…
An expression is derived for the classical free energy difference between two configurations of a system, in terms of an ensemble of finite-time measurements of the work performed in parametrically switching from one configuration to the…
The parameter-free model of diffusion in the atmospheres of HgMn stars (Michaud 1986; Michaud et al 1979) predicts that helium should sink below the He II ionization zone in order that diffusion of other elements may take place, and that…
The concept of the energy gap is a fundamental characteristic of the band structure of a material and it determines its physical properties. Formally the energy gap appears in the dispersion relation $E_k$, where the vector $k$ is…
The electromagnetic vacuum is known to have energy. It has been recently argued that the quantum vacuum can possess momentum, that adds up to the momentum of matter. This ``Casimir momentum'' is closely related to the Casimir effect, in…
We discuss the extrema of the Two Higgs Doublet Model with different physical properties. We have found necessary and sufficient conditions for realization of the extrema with different properties as the vacuum state of the model. We found…
The Cheeger inequalities give an upper and lower bound on the spectral gap of discrete Laplacians defined on a graph in terms of the geometric characteristics of the graph. We generalise this approach and we employ it to determine if a…
The two-fluid model of liquid helium is generalized to the case that the superfluid fraction has a small entropy content. We present theoretical arguments in favour of such a small superfluid entropy. In the generalized two-fluid model…
I consider some of the issues we face in trying to understand dark energy. Huge fluctuations in the unknown dark energy equation of state can be hidden in distance data, so I argue that model-independent tests which signal if the…
We use our newly constructed quantum Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo algorithm to perform computer experiments for the two phase coexistence of a hydrogen-helium mixture. Our results are in quantitative agreement with the experimental results of…
I discuss how five reasonably sounding assumptions lead to a dilemma -- the Page-time paradox -- , which appears to challenge a conventional statistical mechanical underpinning of black hole thermodynamics. By inspecting the conceptual…