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We discuss single adaptive measurements for the estimation of mixed quantum states of qubits. The results are compared to the optimal estimation schemes using collective measurements. We also demonstrate that the advantage of collective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Dietmar G. Fischer , Matthias Freyberger

The optimal (pure state) ensemble length of a separable state, A, is the minimum number of (pure) product states needed in convex combination to construct A. We study the set of all separable states with optimal (pure state) ensemble length…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Robert B. Lockhart

The quantum nature of bulk ensemble NMR quantum computing --the center of recent heated debate, is addressed. Concepts of the mixed state and entanglement are examined, and the data in a 2 qubit liquid NMR quantum computation are analyzed.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G L Long , H Y Yan , Y s Li , C C Tu , s J Zhu , D Ruan , Y Sun , J X Tao , H M Chen

Entanglement is known to be a relative notion, defined with respect to the choice of physical observables to be measured (i.e., the measurement setup used). This implies that, in general, the same state can be both separable and entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-21 Toshihiko Sasaki , Tsubasa Ichikawa , Izumi Tsutsui

The best mathematical arguments against a realistic interpretation of quantum mechanics - that gives definite but partially unknown values to all observables - are analysed and shown to be based on reasoning that is not compelling. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arnold Neumaier

Mixed metaphors have been neglected in recent metaphor research. This paper suggests that such neglect is short-sighted. Though mixing is a more complex phenomenon than straight metaphors, the same kinds of reasoning and knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Mark Lee , John Barnden

The task of mixture proportion estimation (MPE) is to estimate the weight of a component distribution in a mixture, given observations from both the component and mixture. Previous work on MPE adopts the irreducibility assumption, which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-01 Yilun Zhu , Aaron Fjeldsted , Darren Holland , George Landon , Azaree Lintereur , Clayton Scott

Despite the flexibility and popularity of mixture models, their associated parameter spaces are often difficult to represent due to fundamental identification problems. This paper looks at a novel way of representing such a space for…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-10-16 Vahed Maroufy , Paul Marriott

We describe a purely algebraic method for finding the best separable approximation to a mixed state of a composite 2x2 quantum system, consisting of a decomposition of the state into a linear combination of a mixed separable part and a pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Thomas Wellens , Marek Kus

A unified conceptual foundation of classical and quantum physics is given, free of undefined terms. Ensembles are defined by extending the `probability via expectation' approach of Whittle to noncommuting quantities. This approach carries…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arnold Neumaier

Following J.-Y.B\'eziau in his pioneer work on non-standard interpretations of the traditional square of opposition, we have applied the abstract structure of the square to study the relation of opposition between states in superposition in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-10 Jonas R. B. Arenhart , Décio Krause

A series of examples of computational models is provided, where the model aim is to interpret numerical results in terms of internal states of agents minds. Two opposite strategies or research can be distinguished in the literature. First…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-08-26 Krzysztof Kulakowski , Piotr Gronek , Antoni Dydejczyk

We present a general description of separable states in Quantum Mechanics. In particular, our result gives an easy proof that inseparabitity (or entanglement) is a pure quantum (noncommutative) notion. This implies that distinction between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Adam W. Majewski

Simple joint measurements of pairs of observables reveal that states considered universally as classical-like, such as SU(2) spin coherent states, Glauber coherent states, and thermal states are actually nonclassical. We show that this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-13 Alfredo Luis , Laura Monroy

Difficulties and discomfort with the interpretation of quantum mechanics are due to differences in language between it and classical physics. Analogies to The Special Theory of Relativity, which also required changes in the basic worldview…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 A. R. P. Rau

Bounds analogous to entropic uncertainty relations allow one to design practical tests to detect quantum entanglement by a collective measurement performed on several copies of the state analyzed. This approach, initially worked out for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-04 Łukasz Rudnicki , Zbigniew Puchała , Paweł Horodecki , Karol Życzkowski

Evidence for fine-tuning of physical parameters suitable for life can perhaps be explained by almost any combination of providence, coincidence or multiverse. A multiverse usually includes parts unobservable to us, but if the theory for it…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Don N. Page

Ensembling neural networks is an effective way to increase accuracy, and can often match the performance of individual larger models. This observation poses a natural question: given the choice between a deep ensemble and a single neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Taiga Abe , E. Kelly Buchanan , Geoff Pleiss , Richard Zemel , John P. Cunningham

The necessary and sufficient condition of separability of a mixed state of any systems is presented, which is practical in judging the separability of a mixed state. This paper also presents a method of finding the disentangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Ping-Xing Chen , Lin-Mei Liang , Cheng-Zu Li , Ming-Qiu Huang

A definition of what counts as an explanation of mathematical statement, and when one explanation is better than another, is given. Since all mathematical facts must be true in all causal models, and hence known by an agent, mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Joseph Y. Halpern