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Recently, Faria et al [Phys. Lett. A 305 (2002) 322] discussed an example in which the Heisenberg and the Schrodinger pictures of quantum mechanics gave different results. We identify the mistake in their reasoning and conclude that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-18 H. Nikolic

It is generally assumed that quantum field theory (QFT) is gauge invariant. However it is well known that non-gauge invariant terms appear in various calculations. This problem was recently examined in [9] for a "simple" field theory and it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-11-12 Dan Solomon

The standard claim that the Schr\"odinger and Heisenberg pictures of quantum mechanics are equivalent rests on the fact that they yield identical empirical predictions. This equivalence therefore assumes the instrumentalist worldview in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-03 Charles Alexandre Bédard

The Schrodinger and Heisenberg pictures are equivalent formulations of quantum mechanics. Here we use the Schrodinger picture to calculate the decoherence that occurs when an optical Schrodinger cat state is passed through a beam splitter.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-26 J. D. Franson , R. A. Brewster

The aim of this short Note is to show that the Schr\"odinger and Heisenberg pictures of quantum mechanics are not equivalent unless one uses a quantization rule clearly stated by Born and Jordan in their famous 1925 paper. This rule is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-29 Maurice A. de Gosson

Dirac's hole theory and quantum field theory are generally considered to be equivalent to each other. However, it has recently been shown that this is not necessarily the case. In this article we will discuss the reason for this lack of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Dan Solomon

In the present paper, in terms of the measurability concept introduced in the previous works of the author, a quantum theory is studied. Within the framework of this concept, several examples are considered using the Schrodinger picture;…

General Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Alexander Shalyt-Margolin

In a way paralleling the recently accepted non-Hermitian version of quantum mechanics in its Schr\"{o}dinger representation (working often with the innovative and heuristically productive concept of ${\cal PT}-$symmetry), it is demonstrated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-14 Miloslav Znojil

The Heisenberg, interaction, and Schr\"odinger pictures of motion are considered in Lagrangian (canonical) quantum field theory. The equations of motion (for state vectors and field operators) are derived for arbitrary Lagrangians which are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Bozhidar Z. Iliev

It is shown, that for quantum systems the vectorfield associated with the equations of motion may admit alternative Hamiltonian descriptions, both in the Schr\"odinger and Heisenberg pictures. We illustrate these ambiguities in terms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-17 V. I. Man'ko , G. Marmo , E. C. G. Sudarshan , F. Zaccaria

Dirac's hole theory and quantum field theory are generally thought to be equivalent. In fact field theory can be derived from hole theory through the process of second quantization. However, it can be shown that problems worked in both…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Dan Solomon

It is shown that the halting problem cannot be solved consistently in both the Schrodinger and Heisenberg pictures of quantum dynamics. The existence of the halting machine, which is assumed from quantum theory, leads into a contradiction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Daegene Song

We critically review the recent debate between Doreen Fraser and David Wallace on the interpretation of quantum field theory, with the aim of identifying where the core of the disagreement lies. We show that, despite appearances, their…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-01-24 Matthias Egg , Vincent Lam , Andrea Oldofredi

Although electrons and photons produce the same interference patterns in the two-slit experiments, the description of these patters is markedly different. This difference was analyzed by Bohm. Later on Sanz and Miret-Artes and others were…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-16 Arkady L. Kholodenko

The canonical quantum theory of a free field using arbitrary foliations of a flat two-dimensional spacetime is investigated. It is shown that dynamical evolution along arbitrary spacelike foliations is unitarily implemented on the same Fock…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 C. G. Torre , M. Varadarajan

Using quantum-classical analogies, we find that dynamical pictures of quantum mechanics have precise counterparts in classical mechanics. In particular, the Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions of fluid dynamics in classical mechanics are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-24 M. Hossein Partovi

Fradkin's representation is a general method of attacking problems in quantum field theory, having as its basis the functional approach of Schwinger. As a pedagogical illustration of that method, we explicitly formulate it for quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 K. V. Shajesh , Kimball A. Milton

By assuming that the kinetic energy,potential energy,momentum,and some other physical quantities of a particle exist in the field out of the particle,the Schrodinger equation is an equation describing field of a particle,but not the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gang Zhao

Dirac's hole theory and quantum field theory are usually considered equivalent to each other. For models of a certain type, however, the equivalence may not hold as we discuss in this Letter. This problem is closely related to the validity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 F. A. B. Coutinho , D. Kiang , Y. Nogami , Lauro Tomio

What we should mean by "Heisenberg-picture quantum field theory"? Atiyah--Segal-type axioms do a good job of capturing the "Schr\"odinger picture": these axioms define a "$d$-dimensional quantum field theory" to be a symmetric monoidal…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-11-05 Theo Johnson-Freyd
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