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This work outlines a consistent method of identifying subsystems in finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, independent of the underlying inner-product structure. Such Hilbert spaces arise in $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric quantum mechanics,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Himanshu Badhani , Sibasish Ghosh

In the framework of quasi-Hermitian quantum mechanics the eligible operators of observables may be non-Hermitian, $A_j\neq A_j^\dagger$, $j=1,2, \ldots,K$. In principle, the standard probabilistic interpretation of the theory can be…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-05-12 Miloslav Znojil

A deformation of Heisenberg algebra induces among other consequences a loss of Hermiticity of some operators that generate this algebra. Therefore, these operators are not Hermitian, nor is the Hamiltonian operator built from them. In the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Latévi M. Lawson , Ibrahim Nonkané , Kinvi Kangni

The spectral analysis of a non-Hermitian unbounded operator appearing in quantum physics is our main concern. The properties of such an operator are essentially different from those of Hermitian Hamiltonians, namely due to spectral…

In this paper, we introduce a new semi-norm of operators on a semi-Hilbertian space, which generalizes the A-numerical radius and A-operator semi-norm. We study the basic properties of this semi-norm, including upper and lower bounds for…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-08-14 Pintu Bhunia , Anirban Sen , Kallol Paul

We develop relativistic non-Hermitian quantum theory and its application to neutrino physics in a strong magnetic field. It is well known, that one of the fundamental postulates of quantum theory is the requirement of Hermiticity of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-03-25 V. N. Rodionov

In this letter, we study how the spectrum of pseudo-Hermitian systems is influenced by the ambiguity in the choice of the pseudo-metric operator. In particular, we analyze the case when different parameter-independent choices of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-13 Grigory A. Starkov

A new approach to normal operators in real Hilbert spaces is discussed, and a spectral representation is obtained, derived directly from the complex case. The results are then applied to quaternionic normal operators, regarded as a special…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-28 Florian-Horia Vasilescu

Our main theorem is in the generality of the axioms of Hilbert space, and the theory of unbounded operators. Consider two Hilbert spaces such that their intersection contains a fixed vector space D. It is of interest to make a precise…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-01-19 Palle Jorgensen , Erin Pearse , Feng Tian

It is shown that if the C operator for a PT-symmetric Hamiltonian with simple eigenvalues is not unique, then it is unbounded. Apart from the special cases of finite-matrix Hamiltonians and Hamiltonians generated by differential expressions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Carl M. Bender , Sergii Kuzhel

Metrics and pseudometrics are defined on the group of unitary operators in a Hilbert space. Several explicit formulas are derived. A special feature of the work is investigation of pseudometrics in unitary groups. The rich classes of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-26 Manas K Patra

Non-hermitian quantum graphs possessing real (i.e., in principle, observable) spectra are studied via their discretization. The discretized Hamiltonians are assigned, constructively, an elementary pseudometric and/or a more complicated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-16 Miloslav Znojil

We highlight the conceptual issues that arise when one applies the quasi-Hermitian framework to analyze scattering from localized non-Hermitian potentials, in particular complex square-wells or delta-functions. When treated in the framework…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 H. F. Jones

We investigate $\rho$-orthogonality and its local symmetry in the space of bounded linear operators. A characterization of Hilbert space operators with symmetric numerical range is established in terms of $\rho$-orthogonality. Further, we…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-15 Souvik Ghosh , Kallol Paul , Debmalya Sain

We introduce the notion of pseudo-Hermiticity and show that every Hamiltonian with a real spectrum is pseudo-Hermitian. We point out that all the PT-symmetric non-Hermitian Hamiltonians studied in the literature belong to the class of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-09-07 Ali Mostafazadeh

A finite dimensional system with a quadratic Hamiltonian constraint is Dirac quantized in holomorphic, antiholomorphic and mixed representations. A unique inner product is found by imposing Hermitian conjugacy relations on an operator…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-01 Jorma Louko

In this paper we introduce and prove some properties of $(\alpha;\beta)$-normal operators according to semi-Hilbertian space structures. Furthermore we s,ate various inequalities between the A-operator norm and A-numerical radius of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-10-12 Abdelkader Benali , Ould Ahmed Mahmoud Sid Ahmed

We show that some non-Hermitian Hamiltonian operators with tridiagonal matrix representation may be quasi Hermitian or similar to Hermitian operators. In the class of Hamiltonian operators discussed here the transformation is given by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-17 Francisco M. Fernández

A non-Hermitian operator $H$ defined in a Hilbert space with inner product $\langle\cdot|\cdot\rangle$ may serve as the Hamiltonian for a unitary quantum system, if it is $\eta$-pseudo-Hermitian for a metric operator (positive-definite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 Ali Mostafazadeh

To find the Hermitian phase operatorof a single-mode electromagnetic field in quantum mechanics, the Schroedinger representation is extended to a larger Hilbert space augmented by states with infinite excitation by nonstandard analysis. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Masanao Ozawa
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