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We put forward and demonstrate experimentally a {\it quantum-inspired} protocol that allows to quantify the degree of similarity between two spatial shapes embedded in two optical beams without the need to measure the amplitude and phase…
We introduce a simple experiment involving a double-slit interferometer by which one can learn basic concepts of quantum interference such as which-path marking, quantum erasers, and geometric phases. Each of them exhibits seemingly…
In diffraction experiments with particle beams, several effects lead to a fringe visibility reduction of the interference pattern. We theoretically describe the intensity one can measure in a double-slit setup and compare the results with…
Quantum metrology utilizes entanglement for improving the sensitivity of measurements. Up to now the focus has been on the measurement of just one out of two non-commuting observables. Here we demonstrate a laser interferometer that…
We study a general theory on the interference of a two-photon wavepacket in a beam splitter. The theory is carried out in the Schr\"{o}dinger picture so that the quantum nature of the two-photon interference is explicitly presented. We find…
Correlated photons inspire abundance of metrology-related platforms, which benefit from quantum (anti-) correlations and outperform their classical-light counterparts. While such demonstrations mainly focus on entanglement, the role of…
White-light interferometry is one of today's most precise tools for determining optical material properties. Achievable precision and accuracy are typically limited by systematic errors due to a high number of interdependent data fitting…
In interferometers, the more information about the quanta's path available in an ancillary quantum system (AQS), the less visibility the interference has. By use of Shannon entropy, we try to compare the amount of which-phase information…
The quantum superposition principle implies that a particle entering an interferometer evolves by simultaneously taking both arms. If a non-destructive, minimally-disturbing interaction coupling a particle property to a pointer is…
Complementarity, the incomplete nature of a quantum measurement - a core concept in quantum mechanics - stems from the choice of the measurement apparatus. The notion of complementarity is closely related to Heisenberg's uncertainty…
It is well known that the Mach-Zender interferometer exhibits a trade-off between the a priori which-path knowledge and the visibility of its interference pattern. This trade-off is expressed by the inequality $\mathcal{P}^2 + \mathcal{V}^2…
Quantum metrology is the state-of-the-art measurement technology. It uses quantum resources to enhance the sensitivity of phase estimation beyond what reachable within classical physics. While single parameter estimation theory has been…
We investigate interferometric techniques to estimate the deflection angle of an optical beam and compare them to the direct detection of the beam deflection. We show that quantum metrology methods lead to a unifying treatment for both…
Distributed aperture telescopes are a well-established approach for boosting resolution in astronomical imaging. However, theoretical limits on quantitative imaging precision, and the fundamentally best possible beam-combining and detection…
In its most orthodox form, Bohr's Complementarity Principle states that a quanton (a quantum system consisting of a Boson or Fermion) can either behave as a particle or as wave, but never simultaneosuly as both. A less orthodox…
Localization of a particle in the wells of an asymmetric double-well (DW) potential is investigated here. Information entropy-based uncertainty measures, such as Shannon entropy, Fisher information, Onicescu energy, etc., and phasespace…
We describe a simple multivariate technique of likelihood ratios for improved discrimination of signal and background in multi-dimensional quantum target detection. The technique combines two independent variables, time difference and…
One of the milestones of quantum mechanics is Bohr's complementarity principle. It states that a single quantum can exhibit a particle-like \emph{or} a wave-like behaviour, but never both at the same time. These are mutually exclusive and…
We study diffraction and interference of indistinguishable particles. We consider some examples where the wavefunctions and detection probabilities can be evaluated in an analytical way. The diffraction pattern of a two-particle system…
We show that any multi-qudit entanglement witness leads to a non-separability indicator for quantum optical fields, which involves intensity correlations. We get, e.g., necessary and sufficient conditions for intensity or intensity-rate…