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It is well known that any entangled mixed state in $2\otimes 2$ systems can be purified via infinite copies of the mixed state. But can one distill a pure maximally entangled state from finite copies of a mixed state in any bipartite system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Ping-Xing Chen , Lin-Mei Liang , Cheng-Zu Li , Ming-Qiu Huang

Entanglement distillation has many applications in quantum information processing and is an important tool for improving the quality and efficiency of quantum communication, cryptography, computing, and simulation. We propose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Dan Xu , Changjia Chen , Brian T. Kirby , Li Qian

As quantum devices scale toward practical machine learning applications, the binary qubit paradigm faces expressivity and resource efficiency limitations. Multi-level quantum systems, or qudits, offer a promising alternative by harnessing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 Tiago de Souza Farias , Lucas Friedrich , Jonas Maziero

Current approaches for building quantum computing devices focus on two-level quantum systems which nicely mimic the concept of a classical bit, albeit enhanced with additional quantum properties. However, rather than artificially limiting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Ruben S. Andrist , James R. Wootton , Helmut G. Katzgraber

The notion of universal quantum computation can be generalized to multi-level qudits, which offer advantages in resource usage and algorithmic efficiencies. Trapped ions, which are pristine and well-controlled quantum systems, offer an…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2020-07-24 Pei Jiang Low , Brendan M. White , Andrew A. Cox , Matthew L. Day , Crystal Senko

The quantum switch has been widely studied as a prototypical example of indefinite causal order in quantum information processing. However, the potential advantages of utilising more general forms of indefinite causal orders remain largely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Spiros Kechrimparis , James Moran , Hyukjoon Kwon

Qudits, the multi-level generalization of qubits, provide a natural extension of the binary paradigm in quantum computation and offer new opportunities to enhance algorithmic performance. Beyond their direct applicability to the simulation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Julio Cesar Siqueira Rocha , Rodrigo Alves Dias

Consider a stabilizer state on $n$ qudits, each of dimension $D$ with $D$ being a prime or a squarefree integer, divided into three mutually disjoint sets or parts. Generalizing a result of Bravyi et al. [J. Math. Phys. \textbf{47}, 062106…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-05 Shiang Yong Looi , Robert B. Griffiths

The stabiliser formalism allows the efficient description of a sizeable class of pure as well as mixed quantum states of N-qubit systems. That same formalism has important applications in the field of quantum error correcting codes, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Koenraad M. R. Audenaert , Martin B. Plenio

The novel experimental realization of three-level optical quantum systems is presented. We use the polarization state of biphotons to generate a specific sequence of states that are used in the extended version of BB84 protocol. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yu. Bogdanov , M. Chekhova , S. Kulik , G. Maslennikov , C. H. Oh , M. K. Tey , A. Zhukov

Quantitative characterization of two-qubit entanglement purification protocols is introduced. Our approach is based on the concurrence and the hit-and-run algorithm applied to the convex set of all two-qubit states. We demonstrate that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Francesco Preti , József Zsolt Bernád

We present an improved protocol for entanglement purification of bipartite mixed states using several states at a time rather than two at a time as in the traditional recurrence method. We also present a generalization of the hashing method…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Elitza N. Maneva , John A. Smolin

We present optimized distillation schemes for preparing Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. Our approach relies on training variational quantum circuits with white noise affected GHZ states as inputs. Optimizing for a single iteration…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Áron Rozgonyi , Gábor Széchenyi , Orsolya Kálmán , Tamás Kiss

Scaling up the number of qubits available on quantum processors remains technically demanding even in the long term; it is therefore crucial to clarify the number of qubits required to implement a given quantum operation. For the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Kosuke Matsui , Jun-Yi Wu , Hayata Yamasaki , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Mio Murao

Methods for distilling maximally entangled tripartite (GHZ) states from arbitrary entangled tripartite pure states are described. These techniques work for virtually any input state. Each technique has two stages which we call primary and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Oliver Cohen , Todd A. Brun

We present a general algorithm to achieve local operators which can produce the GHZ state for an arbitrary given three-qubit state. Thus the distillation process of the state can be realized optimally. The algorithm is shown to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Li-Xiang Cen , Shun-Jin Wang

Quantum channels underlie the dynamics of quantum systems, but in many practical settings it is the channels themselves that require processing. We establish universal limitations on the processing of both quantum states and channels,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-21 Bartosz Regula , Ryuji Takagi

In this paper, we propose two general entanglement distillation protocols, which can concentrate the non-maximally entangled pure W class state. The general protocols are mainly based on the unitary transformation on the auxiliary particle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Zhuo-Liang Cao , Ming Yang

A quantum dot can be used as a source of one- and two-photon states and of polarisation entangled photon pairs. The emission of such states is investigated from the point of view of frequency-resolved two-photon correlations. These follow…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-03-06 Elena del Valle

Quantum entanglement serves as a valuable resource for many important quantum operations. A pair of entangled qubits can be shared between two agents by first preparing a maximally entangled qubit pair at one agent, and then sending one of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-06 Liangzhong Ruan , Wenhan Dai , Moe Z. Win