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Two quantum events, represented by positive operators (effects), are coexistent if they can occur as possible outcomes in a single measurement scheme. Equivalently, the corresponding effects are coexistent if and only if they are contained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-20 Paul Busch , Heinz-Jürgen Schmidt

States of a quantum mechanical system are represented by rays in a complex Hilbert space. The space of rays has, naturally, the structure of a K\"ahler manifold. This leads to a geometrical formulation of the postulates of quantum mechanics…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Abhay Ashtekar , Troy A. Schilling

In this article, matrix and vector formalisms for Lorentz transformations in time ($t$) and two space dimensions ($x$ and $y$) are developed and discussed. Lorentz transformations conserve the squared interval $t^2 - x^2 - y^2$. Examples of…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-26 C. J. McKinstrie , M. V. Kozlov

From the quantum analog of the Iwasawa decomposition of $SL(2,C)$ group and the correspondence between quantum $SL(2,C)$ and Lorentz groups we deduce the different properties of the Hopf algebra representing the boost of particles in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Lagraa

The measurement processes that are traditionally described within the realm of non-relativistic quantum mechanics are transcribed into the covariant framework of Cartan's space, the four-valued representation space of the restricted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-19 J. G. Cardoso

We present a theoretical framework called Lorentz quantum mechanics, where the dynamics of a system is a complex Lorentz transformation in complex Minkowski space. In contrast, in usual quantum mechanics, the dynamics is the unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-18 Qi Zhang , Biao Wu

Quantum reference frame transformations have been proposed to provide a means by which to translate descriptions of quantum systems relative to each other. At present, there are several differing frameworks for describing quantum reference…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Thomas D. Galley , Leon Loveridge

As physical systems, qubits must evolve from input to output state. We describe a simple scheme in which the effect of a quantum gate is described by the action of an effective Hamiltonian acting for some characteristic time. This model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 M. P. Vaughan

In Quantum Mechanics operators must be hermitian and, in a direct product space, symmetric. These properties are saved by Lie algebra operators but not by those of quantum algebras. A possible correspondence between observables and quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 E. Celeghini , M. A. del Olmo

While quantum correlations between two spacelike-separated systems are fully encoded by the bipartite density operator associated with the joint system, there does not exist an analogous operator representing general quantum correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 James Fullwood , Arthur J. Parzygnat

Lorentz transformations of spin density matrices for a particle with positive mass and spin 1/2 are described by maps of the kind used in open quantum dynamics. They show how the Lorentz transformations of the spin depend on the momentum.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Thomas F. Jordan , Anil Shaji , E. C. G. Sudarshan

This article shows that one can consistently incorporate nonunitary representations of at least one group into the ``ordinary'' nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. This group turns out to be Lorentz group thus giving us an alternative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Bojan Bistrovic

In this paper, we study the properties of Connes spectral distances between quantum states under unitary transformations. We mainly focus on spectral triples with matrix algebras acting on finite dimensional Hilbert spaces via some linear…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Ji-Hong Wang , Bing-Sheng Lin , Zhi-Kang You

Quantum operations describe any state change allowed in quantum mechanics, including the evolution of an open system or the state change due to a measurement. In this letter we present a general method based on quantum tomography for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 G. M. D'Ariano , P. Lo Presti

Relative phase is treated as a physical quantity for two mode systems in quantum atom optics, adapting the Pegg-Barnett treatment of quantum optical phase to define a linear Hermitian relative phase operator via first introducing a complete…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2011-08-24 B J Dalton

A new formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics is presented and applied to a free, massive, and spin zero elementary particle in the Minkowski spacetime. The reformulation requires that time and space, as well as the timelike and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-02 Bao D. Tran , Zdzislaw E. Musielak

We consider one single copy of a mixed state of two qubits and investigate how its entanglement changes under local quantum operations and classical communications (LQCC) of the type $\rho'\sim (A\otimes B)\rho(A\otimes B)^{\dagger}$. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Frank Verstraete , Jeroen Dehaene , Bart De Moor

Identifying the Bolch sphere with the Riemann sphere(the extended complex plane), we obtain relations between single qubit unitary operations and M\"{o}bius transformations on the extended complex plane.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jae-weon Lee , Chang Ho Kim , Eok Kyun Lee , Jaewan Kim , Soonchil Lee

The spin is the prime example of a qubit. Encoding and decoding information in the spin qubit is operationally well defined through the Stern-Gerlach set-up in the non-relativistic (i.e., low velocity) limit. However, an operational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Flaminia Giacomini , Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Časlav Brukner

We introduce the super-qubit quantum state, determined by superposition of the zero and the one super-particle states, which can be represented by points on the super-Bloch sphere. In contrast to the one qubit case, the one super-particle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Oktay K. Pashaev , Aygul Kocak