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We study joint measurability of quantum observables in open systems governed by a master equation of Lindblad form. We briefly review the historical perspective of open systems and conceptual aspects of quantum measurements, focusing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Jukka Kiukas , Pekka Lahti , Juha-Pekka Pellonpää

We describe a quantum mechanical measurement as a variational principle including interaction between the system under measurement and the measurement apparatus. Augmenting the action with a nonlocal term (a double integration over the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Alan K. Harrison

The measurement process of observables in a quantum system comes out to be an unsovable problem which started in the early times of the development of the theory. In the present note we consider the measured system part of an open system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-21 Jean Richert , Tarek Khalil

A framework for a quantum information theory is introduced that is based on the measure of quantum information associated with probability distribution predicted by quantum measuring of state. The entanglement between states of measured…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yi-Xin Chen

Quantum measurement and quantum operation theory is developed here by taking the relational properties among quantum systems, instead of the independent properties of a quantum system, as the most fundamental elements. By studying how the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-20 Jianhao M. Yang

In this contribution I review rigorous formulations of a variety of limitations of measurability in quantum mechanics. To this end I begin with a brief presentation of the conceptual tools of modern measurement theory. I will make precise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-04 Paul Busch

In this work we investigate the relation between quantum measurements and decoherence, in order to formally express the necessity of the latter for obtaining an informative output from the former. To this aim, referring to the Von Neumann…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 Pietro Liuzzo-Scorpo , Alessandro Cuccoli , Paola Verrucchi

The dynamics of a quantum system, undergoing unitary evolution and continuous monitoring, can be described in term of quantum trajectories. Although the averaged state fully characterises expectation values, the entire ensamble of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-09 Guglielmo Lami , Alessandro Santini , Mario Collura

Quantum mechanical systems exhibit an inherently probabilistic nature upon measurement which excludes in principle the singular direct observability continual case. Quantum theory of time continuous measurements and quantum prediction…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. P. Belavkin

This note starts with a recapitulation of what people call the ``Measurement Problem'' of Quantum Mechanics (QM). The dissipative nature of the quantum-mechanical time-evolution of averages of states over large ensembles of identical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Jürg Fröhlich , Alessandro Pizzo

Axiomatic approach to measurement theory is developed. All the possible statistical properties of apparatuses measuring an observable with nondegenerate spectrum allowed in standard quantum mechanics are characterized.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Masanao Ozawa

Quantum technology has been rapidly growing due to its potential revolutionary applications. In particular, superconducting qubits provide a strong light-matter interaction as required for quantum computation and in principle can be scaled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-23 Mahdi Naghiloo

We characterize the set of generalized quantum measurements that can be decomposed into a continuous measurement process using a stream of probe qubits and a tunable interaction Hamilto- nian. Each probe in the stream interacts weakly with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-16 Jan Florjanczyk , Todd A. Brun

We employ the theoretical framework of positive operator valued measures, to study Markovian open quantum systems. In particular, we discuss how a quantum system influences its environment. Using the theory of indirect measurements, we then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-23 Ingo Kamleitner

Dissipation is inevitable in realistic quantum circuits. We examine the effects of dissipation on a class of monitored random circuits that exhibit a measurement-induced entanglement phase transition. This transition has previously been…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-10-13 Yue Li , Martin Claassen

The measurement process in quantum mechanics is usually described by the von Neumann projection postulate, which forms a basic constituent of the laws of quantum mechanics. Since this postulate requires the outside observer of the system,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Masahiro Morikawa , Akika Nakamichi

A quantum measurement model based upon restricted path-integrals allows us to study measurements of generalized position in various one-dimensional systems of phenomenological interest. After a general overview of the method we discuss the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Tommaso Calarco , Roberto Onofrio , Carlo Presilla , Lorenza Viola

The measurement postulate of quantum theory stands in conflict with the laws of thermodynamics and has evoked debate regarding what actually constitutes a measurement. With the help of modern quantum statistical mechanics, we take the first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Emanuel Schwarzhans , Felix C. Binder , Marcus Huber , Maximilian P. E. Lock

The standard quantum formalism introduced at the undergraduate level treats measurement as an instantaneous collapse. In reality however, no physical process can occur over a truly infinitesimal time interval. A more subtle investigation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-22 Leigh S. Martin

We give an explicit axiomatic formulation of the quantum measurement theory which is free of the projection postulate. It is based on the generalized nondemolition principle applicable also to the unsharp, continuous-spectrum and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 V. P. Belavkin