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The observables associated with a quantum system $S$ form a non-commutative algebra ${\mathcal A}_S$. It is assumed that a density matrix $\rho$ can be determined from the expectation values of observables. But $\mathcal A_S$ admits inner…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-19 A. P. Balachandran , F. Calderón , V. P. Nair , Aleksandr Pinzul , A. F. Reyes-Lega , S. Vaidya

The quantum measurement problem, the unresolved conflict between the unitary evolution of the wave function and the postulate of wave function collapse, remains the most profound conceptual challenge in quantum foundations. While…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Eyad I. B Hamid

It is proposed a possible new approach of quantum measurements (QMS), disconnected of the traditional interpretation of uncertainty relations and independent of any appeal to the strange idea of collapse (reduction) of wave functions. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Dumitru

This thesis addresses the problem of developing a quantum counter-part of the well established classical theory of control. We dwell on the fundamental fact that quantum states are generally not perfectly distinguishable, and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-21 Paulo E. M. F. Mendonca

In this work we investigate the relation between quantum measurements and decoherence, in order to formally express the necessity of the latter for obtaining an informative output from the former. To this aim, referring to the Von Neumann…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 Pietro Liuzzo-Scorpo , Alessandro Cuccoli , Paola Verrucchi

In this second paper, we develop the full mathematical structure of the algebra of the pseudo-observables, in order to solve the quantum measurement problem. Quantum state vectors are recovered but as auxiliary pseudo-observables storing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Edoardo Piparo

Measurement is an important scientific activity. In most of science, including classical physics, is may be understood as a way of finding out about the physical world and representing the results numerically. No-go theorems show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Richard Healey

The so-called measurement problem of quantum theory (QT) is still lacking a satisfactory, or at least widely agreed upon, solution. A number of theories, known as interpretations of quantum theory, have been proposed and found differing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-26 Hans H. Diel

The measurement problem in quantum mechanics originates in the inability of the Schr\"odinger equation to predict definite outcomes of measurements. This is due to the lack of objectivity of the eigenstates of the measuring apparatus. Such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-26 Partha Ghose

In this paper, we present a thought experiment that demonstrates that the equivalence of quantum reduced states and statistical mixed states of ensembles is not merely a simple mathematical formulation in quantum mechanics, but rather…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Zhihong Zuo

A recurring problem in quantum mechanics is to estimate either the state of a quantum system or the measurement operator applied to it. If we wish to estimate both, then the difficulty is that the state and the measurement always appear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-12 I. D. Moore , S. J. van Enk

In textbooks, ideal quantum measurements are described in terms of the tested system only by the collapse postulate and Born's rule. This level of description offers a rather flexible position for the interpretation of quantum mechanics.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-28 Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen , Marti Perarnau-Llobet , Roger Balian

Quantum measurement is a physical process. What physical resources and constraints does quantum mechanics require for measurement to produce the classical world we observe? Treating measurement as a fully unitary quantum process, our goal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Vishal Johnson , Ashmeet Singh , Reimar Leike , Philipp Frank , Torsten Enßlin

The measuring process is an external intervention in the dynamics of a quantum system. It involves a unitary interaction of that system with a measuring apparatus, a further interaction of both with an unknown environment causing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Asher Peres

This paper develops an agent-centric account of measurement that treats the preferred-basis problem is fundamentally perspectival. On this view, the system--apparatus--environment decomposition and the observables that are apt to become…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Peter W. Evans

This work introduces Algorithmic Idealism a framework that reinterprets quantum mechanics as a computational process governed by algorithmic probability informational simplicity and utility optimization Reality is modeled as an…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-02-14 Krzysztof Sienicki

The quantum mechanical measurement problem does not arise in the quantum real number approach to quantum measurements of the first kind. The attributes of individual microscopic systems in the experimental ensemble always have qr-number…

General Physics · Physics 2019-02-07 John V Corbett

We describe a quantum mechanical measurement as a variational principle including interaction between the system under measurement and the measurement apparatus. Augmenting the action with a nonlocal term (a double integration over the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Alan K. Harrison

During a continuous measurement, quantum systems can be described by a stochastic Schr\"odinger equation which, in the appropriate limit, reproduces the von Neumann wave-function collapse. The average behavior on the ensemble of all…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-30 Carlo Presilla , Ubaldo Tanbini

We critically evaluate the treatment of the notion of measurement in the Consistent Histories approach to quantum mechanics. We find such a treatment unsatisfactory because it relies, often implicitly, on elements external to those provided…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-07 Elias Okon , Daniel Sudarsky