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A family of non-Hermitian but ${\cal PT}-$symmetric $2J$ by $2J$ toy-model tridiagonal-matrix Hamiltonians $H^{(2J)}=H^{(2J)}(t)$ with $J=K+M=1,2,\ldots$ and $t<J^2$ is studied, for which a real but non-Hermitian $2K$ by $2K$…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-12-21 Miloslav Znojil

We show that when an isolated doublet of unbound states of a physical system becomes degenerate for some values of the control parameters of the system, the energy hypersurfaces representing the complex resonance energy eigenvalues as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Hernandez , A. Jauregui , A. Mondragon , L. Nellen

Exceptional point (EP) denotes the non-Hermitian degeneracy, in which both eigenvalues and eigenstates become identical. By the conventional local Markovian master equation, EP can be constructed by parity-time (PT) or anti-PT symmetry in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-30 Dong Xie , Chunling Xu

Exceptional points (EPs) in anti-parity-time (APT)-symmetric systems have attracted significant interest. While linear APT-symmetric systems exhibit structural similarities with nonlinear dissipative systems, such as mutually…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-03 Takahiro Uemura , Kenta Takata , Masaya Notomi

Emergence of exceptional points in two dimensions is one of the remarkable phenomena in non-Hermitian systems. We here elucidate the impacts of symmetry on the non-Hermitian physics. Specifically, we analyze chiral symmetric correlated…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-03-13 Tsuneya Yoshida , Robert Peters , Norio Kawakami , Yasuhiro Hatsugai

We consider the scattering of electromagnetic waves by non-spherical dielectric resonators and reveal that it can be linked to the exceptional points underpinned by the physics of non-Hermitian systems. We demonstrate how symmetry breaking…

We study the appearance of Exceptional Points in a hybrid system composed of a superconducting flux-qubit and an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy colour centres in diamond. We discuss the possibility of controlling the generation of Exceptional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Romina Ramirez , Marta Reboiro , Diego Tielas

Exceptional points (EPs) are spectral defects displayed by non-Hermitian systems in which multiple degenerate eigenvalues share a single eigenvector. This distinctive feature makes systems exhibiting EPs more sensitive to external…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Subhajyoti Bid , Henning Schomerus

An exceptional point in the moduli space of compact Riemann surfaces is a unique surface class whose full automorphism group acts with a triangular signature. A surface admitting a conformal involution with quotient an elliptic curve is…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-02-14 Ewa Tyszkowska , Anthony Weaver

Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracies of non-Hermitian operators where, in addition to the eigenvalues, corresponding eigenmodes become degenerate. Classical and quantum photonic systems with EPs have attracted tremendous attention due…

We classify gapped phases and characteristic nodal points of non-Hermitian band structures on two-dimensional nonorientable parameter spaces. Such spaces arise in a wide range of physical systems in the presence of nonsymmorphic parameter…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 J. Lukas K. König , Kang Yang , André Grossi Fonseca , Sachin Vaidya , Marin Soljačić , Emil J. Bergholtz

Parameter dependent non-Hermitian quantum systems typically not only possess eigenvalue degeneracies, but also degeneracies of the corresponding eigenfunctions at exceptional points. While the effect of two coalescing eigenfunctions on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-21 Gilles Demange , Eva-Maria Graefe

Using a generalization of complexes, called 2-complexes, this paper defines and analyzes new Sobolev spaces of matrix fields and their interrelationships within a commuting diagram. These spaces have very weak second-order derivatives. An…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Jay Gopalakrishnan , Kaibo Hu , Joachim Schöberl

Despite recent extensive studies of the non-Hermitian topology, understanding interaction effects is left as a crucial question. In this paper, we address interaction effects on exceptional points which are protected by the non-trivial…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-02-16 Tsuneya Yoshida , Yasuhiro Hatsugai

Non-Hermitian systems and their topological singularities, such as exceptional points (EPs), lines, and surfaces, have recently attracted intense interest. The investigation of these exceptional constituents has led to fruitful…

Optics · Physics 2024-08-08 Liang Fang , Kai Bai , Cheng Guo , Tian-Rui Liu , Jia-Zheng Li , Meng Xiao

Non-Hermitian (NH) photonics has attracted considerable attention from researchers owing to exotic properties that originate from the parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) phase transition and exceptional points (EPs). To date, the $\mathcal{PT}$…

Optics · Physics 2021-10-06 Yuto Moritake , Masaya Notomi

We study the transient behavior in coupled dissipative dynamical systems based on the linear analysis around the steady state. We find that the transient time is minimized at a specific set of system parameters and show that at this…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-11 Jung-Wan Ryu , Woo-Sik Son , Dong-Uk Hwang , Soo-Young Lee , Sang Wook Kim

We consider an N-level non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with an exceptional point of order N. We define adiabatic equivalence in such systems and explore topological phase. We show that the topological exceptional states appear at the interface of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 C. Yuce

A special kind of degeneracies known as the exceptional points (EPs), for resonant states on a dielectric periodic slab, are investigated. Due to their unique properties, EPs have found important applications in lasing, sensing,…

Optics · Physics 2018-06-20 Amgad Abdrabou , Ya Yan Lu

The non-analyticity induced by exceptional points (EPs) has manifestations not only in non-Hermitian but also in Hermitian systems. In this work, we focus on a minimal Hermitian bosonic Kitaev model to reveal the dynamical demonstration of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 D. K. He , Z. Song