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The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces one to abandon a local realistic worldview, namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined prior to and independent of measurement and…

Quantum state tomography aims to determine the quantum state of a system from measured data and is an essential tool for quantum information science. When dealing with continuous variable quantum states of light, tomography is often done by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-24 J. L. E. Silva , S. Glancy , H. M. Vasconcelos

A technique, which we call homogenization, is applied to transform CH-type Bell inequalities, which contain lower order correlations, into CHSH-type Bell inequalities, which are defined for highest order correlation functions. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Yu-Chun Wu , Marek Żukowski

Bell's theorem was a cornerstone for our understanding of quantum theory, and the establishment of Bell non-locality played a crucial role in the development of quantum information. Recently, its extension to complex networks has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-23 Francesco Andreoli , Gonzalo Carvacho , Luca Santodonato , Rafael Chaves , Fabio Sciarrino

Bell's test, initially devised to distinguish quantum theory from local hidden variable models through {violations of local bounds}, is also a common tool for detecting entanglement. For this purpose, one can assume the quantum description…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Liang-Liang Sun , Yong-Shun Song , Sixia Yu

A Bell test can rule out local realistic models, and has potential applications in communications and information tasks. For example, a Bell inequality violation can certify the presence of intrinsic randomness in measurement outcomes,…

We consider here the predictions of quantum theory and local hidden variables for the correlations obtained by measuring a pair of qubits by projections defined by randomly chosen axes separated by a given angle \theta. The predictions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-19 Adrian Kent , Damián Pitalúa-García

For more than 80 years, the counterintuitive predictions of quantum theory have stimulated debate about the nature of reality. In his seminal work, John Bell proved that no theory of nature that obeys locality and realism can reproduce all…

Alice and Bob each have half of a pair of entangled qubits. Bob measures his half and then passes his qubit to a second Bob who measures again and so on. The goal is to maximize the number of Bobs that can have an expected violation of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-02 Peter J. Brown , Roger Colbeck

A violation of Bell-CHSH inequalities does not justify speculations about quantum non-locality, conspiracy and retro-causation. Such speculations are rooted in a belief that setting dependence of hidden variables in a probabilistic model,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-06 Marian Kupczynski

Bell inequality tests based on high-dimensional entanglement usually require measurements that can resolve multiple possible outcomes. However, the implementation of high-dimensional multi-outcome measurements is often only emulated via a…

Experimental violations of Bell inequalities are in general vulnerable to so-called "loopholes." In this work, we analyse the characteristics of a loophole-free Bell test with photons, closing simultaneously the locality, freedom-of-choice,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-11 Johannes Kofler , Marissa Giustina , Jan-Åke Larsson , Morgan W. Mitchell

It is well-known that observing nonlocal correlations allows us to draw conclusions about the quantum systems under consideration. In some cases this yields a characterisation which is essentially complete, a phenomenon known as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-02 Tim Coopmans , Jędrzej Kaniewski , Christian Schaffner

The relation between Bell-CHSH violation and factorization of Hilbert space is considered here. That is, a state which is local in the sense of the Bell-CHSH inequality under a certain factorization of the underlying Hilbert space can be…

Many of the standard Bell inequalities (e.g., CHSH) are not effective for detection of quantum correlations which allow for steering, because for a wide range of such correlations they are not violated. We present Bell-like inequalities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-14 Marek Żukowski , Arijit Dutta , Zhi Yin

We provide a detailed analysis of the recently proposed setup for a loophole-free test of Bell inequality using conditionally generated non-Gaussian states of light and balanced homodyning. In the proposed scheme, a two-mode squeezed vacuum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 R. Garcia-Patron , J. Fiurasek , N. J. Cerf

Why do correlations between the results of measurements performed on physical systems violate Bell and non-contextuality inequalities up to some specific limits? The answer may follow from the observation that in quantum theory, unlike in…

Here we demonstrate, for the first time, violation of Bell's inequality using a triggered quantum dot photon-pair source without post-selection. Furthermore, the fidelity to the expected Bell state can be increased above 90% using temporal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-22 R. J. Young , R. M. Stevenson , A. J. Hudson , C. A. Nicoll , D. A. Ritchie , A. J. Shields

In arXiv:2503.00188 we introduced broadband pulsed (BBP) homodyne measurements as a generalization of standard pulsed homodyne quadrature measurements. BBP can take advantage of detectors such as calorimeters that have the potential for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Emanuel Knill , Ezad Shojaee , James R. van Meter , Akira Kyle , Scott Glancy

Based on the violation of Bell inequalities, we can verify quantum random numbers by examining the correlation between device inputs and outputs. In this paper, we derive the maximum quantum value of the parity-CHSH inequality for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-21 Guannan Zhang , Jiamin Xu , Ming Li , Shuqian Shen , Lei Li , Shao-ming Fei