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We theoretically study single and two-qubit dynamics in the circuit QED architecture. We focus on the current experimental design [Wallraff et al., Nature 431, 162 (2004); Schuster et al., Nature 445, 515 (2007)] in which superconducting…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Alexandre Blais , Jay Gambetta , A. Wallraff , D. I. Schuster , S. M. Girvin , M. H. Devoret , R. J. Schoelkopf

A qubit, or quantum bit, is conventionally defined as "a physical system for storing information that is capable of existing in either of two quantum states or in a superposition of both". In this paper, we examine the simple question of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Zhuoran Bao , Daniel F. V. James

Compiling quantum circuits to account for hardware restrictions is an essential part of the quantum computing stack. Circuit compilation allows us to adapt algorithm descriptions into a sequence of operations supported by real quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Alejandro Villoria , Henning Basold , Alfons Laarman

In the paper, we consider quantum circuits for Quantum fingerprinting (quantum hashing) and quantum Fourier transform (QFT) algorithms. Quantum fingerprinting (quantum hashing) is a well-known technique for comparing large objects using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Kamil Khadiev , Aliya Khadieva , Zeyu Chen , Junde Wu

Recent advancements in quantum computing have enabled practical use of quantum error detecting and correcting codes. However, current architectures and future proposals of quantum computer design suffer from limited qubit counts,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Cordell Mazzetti , Sayam Sethi , Rich Rines , Pranav Gokhale , Jonathan Mark Baker

Two-qubit gates are important components of quantum computing. However, unwanted interactions between qubits (so-called parasitic gates) can be particularly problematic and degrade the performance of quantum applications. In this work, we…

Current quantum programming is dominated by low-level, circuit-centric approaches that limit the potential for compiler optimization. This work presents how a high-level programming construct provides compilers with the semantic information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Evandro C. R. Rosa , Jerusa Marchi , Eduardo I. Duzzioni , Rafael de Santiago

The primary objective of quantum circuit synthesis is to efficiently and accurately realize specific quantum algorithms or operations utilizing a predefined set of quantum gates, while also optimizing the circuit size. It holds a pivotal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Jialiang Tang , Jialin Zhang , Xiaoming Sun

The speed of elementary quantum gates, particularly two-qubit gates, ultimately sets the limit on the speed at which quantum circuits can operate. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate commonly used two-qubit gates at nearly the…

Effective quantum information processing is tantamount in part to the minimization the quantum resources needed by quantum logic gates. Here, we propose an optimization of an n-controlled-qubit Fredkin gate with a maximum of 2n+1 two-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-01 Wen-Qiang Liu , Hai-Rui Wei , Leong-Chuan Kwek

Most quantum compiling efforts rely on standard two-qubit basis gates, such as CX and iSWAP, to implement general quantum operations. However, with the advancement of quantum architecture design, more nonstandard two-qubit gates can now be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-05 Anbang Wu , Jingwen Leng , Minyi Guo

Simulating quantum systems is one of the most important potential applications of quantum computers. The high-level circuit defining the simulation needs to be compiled into one that complies with hardware limitations such as qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-09 Lingling Lao , Dan E. Browne

A quantum computer consists of a set of quantum bits upon which operations called gates are applied to perform computations. In order to perform quantum algorithms, physicists would like to design arbitrary gates to apply to quantum bits.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-18 Jeffrey Booth

A proof is given, which relies on the commutator algebra of the unitary Lie groups, that quantum gates operating on just two bits at a time are sufficient to construct a general quantum circuit. The best previous result had shown the…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-22 David P. Divincenzo

We investigate the amount of noise required to turn a universal quantum gate set into one that can be efficiently modelled classically. This question is useful for providing upper bounds on fault tolerant thresholds, and for understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Virmani , Susana F. Huelga , Martin B. Plenio

This paper proposes a new optimized quantum block-ZXZ decomposition method [7,8,10] that results in more optimal quantum circuits than the quantum Shannon decomposition (QSD)[27], which was introduced in 2006 by Shende et al. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-04 Anna M. Krol , Zaid Al-Ars

The two-qubit interaction Hamiltonian of a given physical implementation determines whether or not a two-qubit gate such as the CNOT gate can be realized easily. It can be shown that, e.g., with the XY interaction more than one two-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Norbert Schuch , Jens Siewert

In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, two-qubit gates in quantum circuits are more susceptible to noise than single-qubit gates. Therefore, reducing the number of two-qubit gates is crucial for improving circuit efficiency and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Kai Chen , Wen Liu , GuoSheng Xu , Yangzhi Li , Maoduo Li , Shouli He

In this note we present explicit canonical forms for all the elements in the two-qubit CNOT-Dihedral group, with minimal numbers of controlled-S (CS) and controlled-X (CX) gates, using the generating set of quantum gates [X, T, CX, CS]. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-10 Shelly Garion , Andrew W. Cross

Quantum computational supremacy arguments, which describe a way for a quantum computer to perform a task that cannot also be done by a classical computer, typically require some sort of computational assumption related to the limitations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-13 Alexander M. Dalzell , Aram W. Harrow , Dax Enshan Koh , Rolando L. La Placa