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We consider the implementation of a unitary gate on a qubit system S via a global energy-preserving operation acting on S and an auxiliary system B that can be seen as a battery. We derive a simple, asymptotically exact expression for the…

The problem of unambiguously distinguishing among nonorthogonal but linearly independent quantum states can be solved by mapping the set of nonorthogonal quantum states onto a set of orthogonal ones, which can then be distinguished without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Yuqing Sun , Mark Hillery , Janos Bergou

A New theoretical formalism for the optimal quantum control has been presented. The approach stems from the consideration of describing the time-dependent quantum system in terms of the real physical observables, viz., the probability…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Bijoy K. Dey

Unitary transformations formulate the time evolution of quantum states. How to learn a unitary transformation efficiently is a fundamental problem in quantum machine learning. The most natural and leading strategy is to train a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-09 Zhan Yu , Xuanqiang Zhao , Benchi Zhao , Xin Wang

It is known that a computationally universal gate set $\{H,CCZ\}$ can be transformed to a strictly universal one $\{H, \Lambda(S)\}$ using one maximally imaginary state $|+i \rangle$ and non-imaginary ancillary qubits. We succeed this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Yasuaki Nakayama , Yuki Takeuchi , Seiseki Akibue

Quantum control in large dimensional Hilbert spaces is essential for realizing the power of quantum information processing. For closed quantum systems the relevant input/output maps are unitary transformations, and the fundamental challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-17 B. E. Anderson , H. Sosa-Martinez , C. A. Riofrío , I. H. Deutsch , P. S. Jessen

Optimal control methods for implementing quantum modules with least amount of relaxative loss are devised to give best approximations to unitary gates under relaxation. The potential gain by optimal control using relaxation parameters…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-17 T. Schulte-Herbrueggen , A. Spoerl , N. Khaneja , S. J. Glaser

The control of flying qubits carried by itinerant photons is ubiquitous in quantum networks. Beside their logical states, the shape of flying qubits must also be tailored for high-efficiency information transmission. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Xue Dong , Xi Cao , Wen-Long Li , Guofeng Zhang , Zhihui Peng , Re-Bing Wu

Recent technological advances have allowed the fabrication of large arrays of coupled qubits serving as prototypes of quantum processors. However, the optimal control of such systems is notoriously hard, which limits the potential of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Andrei A. Stepanenko , Kseniia S. Chernova , Maxim A. Gorlach

One-way measurement based quantum computations (1WQC) may describe unitary transformations, via a composition of CPTP maps which are not all unitary themselves. This motivates the following decision problems: Is it possible to determine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-22 Niel de Beaudrap

Optimal implementation of quantum gates is crucial for designing a quantum computer. We consider the matrix representation of an arbitrary multiqubit gate. By ordering the basis vectors using the Gray code, we construct the quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Juha J. Vartiainen , Mikko Mottonen , Martti M. Salomaa

In this paper, we derive sharp lower bounds, also known as quantum speed limits, for the time it takes to transform a quantum system into a state such that an observable assumes its lowest average value. We assume that the system is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-02 Dan Allan , Niklas Hörnedal , Ole Andersson

Spin and orbital freedoms of electrons traveling on spin-resolved quantum Hall edge states (quantum Hall ferromagnets) are maximally entangled. The unitary operations on these two freedoms are hence equivalent, which means one can…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-01-04 Takase Shimizu , Taketomo Nakamura , Yoshiaki Hashimoto , Akira Endo , Shingo Katsumoto

We consider the implementation of two-qubit unitary transformations by means of CNOT gates and single-qubit unitary gates. We show, by means of an explicit quantum circuit, that together with local gates three CNOT gates are necessary and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 G. Vidal , C. M. Dawson

From a geometric approach, we derive the minimum number of applications needed for an arbitrary Controlled-Unitary gate to construct a universal quantum circuit. A new analytic construction procedure is presented and shown to be either…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jun Zhang , Jiri Vala , Shankar Sastry , K. Birgitta Whaley

Quantum Optimal Control is an established field of research which is necessary for the development of Quantum Technologies. In recent years, Machine Learning techniques have been proved usefull to tackle a variety of quantum problems. In…

The simulation of quantum dynamics on a digital quantum computer with parameterized circuits has widespread applications in fundamental and applied physics and chemistry. In this context, using the hybrid quantum-classical algorithm,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Tangyou Huang , Yongcheng Ding , Léonce Dupays , Yue Ban , Man-Hong Yung , Adolfo del Campo , Xi Chen

The angular momentum of molecules, or, equivalently, their rotation in three-dimensional space, is ideally suited for quantum control. Molecular angular momentum is naturally quantized, time evolution is governed by a well-known Hamiltonian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 Christiane P. Koch , Mikhail Lemeshko , Dominique Sugny

There is no unique way to encode a quantum algorithm into a quantum circuit. With limited qubit counts, connectivity, and coherence times, a quantum circuit optimization is essential to make the best use of near-term quantum devices. We…

By a significant modification of the standard protocol of quantum state Teleportation two processes ''forbidden'' by quantum mechanics in their exact form, the Universal NOT gate and the Universal Optimal Quantum Cloning Machine, have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Ricci , F. Sciarrino , C. Sias , F. De Martini