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Grover's quantum search algorithm, involving a large number of qubits, is highly sensitive to errors in the physical implementation of the unitary operators. This poses an intrinsic limitation to the size of the database that can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-12-22 Avik Mitra , Avatar Tulsi , Anil Kumar

We report the implementation of Grover's quantum search algorithm in the scalable system of trapped atomic ion quantum bits. Any one of four possible states of a two-qubit memory is marked, and following a single query of the search space,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 K. -A. Brickman , P. C. Haljan , P. J. Lee , M. Acton , L. Deslauriers , C. Monroe

The translation of Grover's search algorithm from its standard version, designed for implementation on a single quantum system amenable to projective measurements, into one suitable for an ensemble of quantum computers, whose outputs are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 David Collins

A quantum algorithm is a set of instructions for a quantum computer, however, unlike algorithms in classical computer science their results cannot be guaranteed. A quantum system can undergo two types of operation, measurement and quantum…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-30 Eva Borbely

An algebraic analysis of Grover's quantum search algorithm is presented for the case in which the initial state is an arbitrary pure quantum state of n qubits. This approach reveals the geometrical structure of the quantum search process,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 D. Shapira , Y. Shimoni , O. Biham

A general quantum search algorithm with arbitrary unitary transformations and an arbitrary initial state is considered in this work. To serach a marked state with certainty, we have derived, using an SU(2) representation: (1) the matching…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Jin-Yuan Hsieh , Che-Ming Li

We demonstrate the implementation of Grover's quantum search algorithm on a liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computer using essentially pure states. This was achieved using a two qubit device where the initial state is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. S. Anwar , D. Blazina , H. Carteret , S. B. Duckett , J. A. Jones

This paper concerns the Grover algorithm that permits to make amplification of quantum states previously tagged by an Oracle. Grover's algorithm allows searches in an unstructure database of n entries finding a marked element with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Gérard Fleury , Philippe Lacomme

A misunderstanding that an arbitrary phase rotation of the marked state together with the inversion about average operation in Grover's search algorithm can be used to construct a (less efficient) quantum search algorithm is cleared. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-17 Gui Lu Long , Wei Lin Zhang , Yan Song Li , Li Niu

We study the entanglement content of the states employed in the Grover algorithm after the first oracle call when a few searched items are concerned. We then construct a link between these initial states and hypergraphs, which provides an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-07 M. Rossi , D. Bruß , C. Macchiavello

Grover's algorithm is a quantum query algorithm solving the unstructured search problem of size $N$ using $O(\sqrt{N})$ queries. It provides a significant speed-up over any classical algorithm \cite{Gro96}. The running time of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-24 Dmitry Kravchenko , Nikolajs Nahimovs , Alexander Rivosh

Grover's quantum algorithm can find a marked item from an unstructured database faster than any classical algorithm, and hence it has been used for several applications such as cryptanalysis and optimization. When there exist multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Kota Tani , Shunji Tsuchiya , Seiichiro Tani , Yuki Takeuchi

We propose to employ the amplification mechanism of Grover's search algorithm to efficiently prepare entangled states of an ensemble of qubits. The conditional change of sign employed in the algorithm can be implemented by the phase shift…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Omar Nagib , M. Saffman , K. Mølmer

We investigate macroscopic entanglement of quantum states in quantum computers, where we say a quantum state is entangled macroscopically if the state has superposition of macroscopically distinct states. The index $p$ of the macroscopic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Akihisa Ukena , Akira Shimizu

We describe a quantum algorithm to prepare an arbitrary pure state of a register of a quantum computer with fidelity arbitrarily close to 1. Our algorithm is based on Grover's quantum search algorithm. For sequences of states with suitably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei N. Soklakov , Ruediger Schack

Some of the secret sharing schemes having unique quantum features like parallelism and entanglement are supposed to be relatively secure. Different schemes proposed by various researchers over the years have features which could be specific…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-10 Arti Chamoli , C. M. Bhandari

Phase matching has been studied for the Grover algorithm as a way of enhancing the efficiency of the quantum search. Recently Li and Li found that a particular form of phase matching yields, with a single Grover operation, a success…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 F. M. Toyama , W. van Dijk , Y. Nogami , M. Tabuchi , Y. Kimura

In standard Grover's algorithm for quantum searching, the probability of finding the marked item is not exactly 1. In this Letter we present a modified version of Grover's algorithm that searches a marked state with full successful rate.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 G. L. Long

The search problem is to find a state satisfying certain properties out of a given set. Grover's algorithm drives a quantum computer from a prepared initial state to the target state and solves the problem quadratically faster than a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Avatar Tulsi

The Groverian entanglement measure, G(psi), is applied to characterize a variety of pure quantum states |psi> of multiple qubits. The Groverian measure is calculated analytically for certain states of high symmetry, while for arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yishai Shimoni , Daniel Shapira , Ofer Biham