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While entanglement and violation of Bell inequalities were initially thought to be equivalent quantum phenomena, we now have different examples of entangled states whose correlations can be described by local hidden--variable models and,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-30 Remigiusz Augusiak , Maciej Demianowicz , Antonio Acín

I demonstrate that Bell's theorem is based on circular reasoning and thus a fundamentally flawed argument. It unjustifiably assumes the additivity of expectation values for dispersion-free states of contextual hidden variable theories for…

General Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Joy Christian

A simple classical, deterministic, local situation violating the Bell inequality is described. The detectors used in the experiment are ideal and the observers who decide which pair of measuring devices to choose for a given pair of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-25 Marek Czachor

A hidden variables (HVs) model is reported, which reproduces quantum predictions for Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (Bell-CHSH) tests. The existence of such a model poses some limitations to quantum certifications that rely on Bell-CHSH…

General Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 F. De Zela

It is widely accepted that the violation of Bell inequalities excludes local theories of the quantum realm. This paper presents a new derivation of the inequalities from non-trivial non-local theories and formulates a stronger Bell argument…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-06 Paul M. Näger

The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces one to abandon a local realistic worldview, namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined prior to and independent of measurement and…

Bell's theorem shows that local realistic theories place strong restrictions on observable correlations between different systems, giving rise to Bell's inequality which can be violated in experiments using entangled quantum states. Bell's…

John Bell showed that a big class of local hidden-variable models stands in conflict with quantum mechanics and experiment. Recently, there were suggestions that empirical adequate hidden-variable models might exist, which presuppose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gerd Grasshoff , Samuel Portmann , Adrian Wuethrich

Colbeck and Renner [arXiv:0801.2218] analyzed a class of combined models for entanglements in which local and non-local hidden variables cooperate for producing the measurement results. They came to the conclusion that the measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-15 Sofia Wechsler

Several authors have recently claimed that Bell's inequalities (BI) do not apply to certain types of generalized local hidden variables (HV) models. These claims are rejected, by means of a proof of BI valid for a very broad class of local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Angel G. Valdenebro

The Bell theorem is explored in terms of a trade-off relation between underlying assumptions within the hidden variable model framework. In this paper, recognizing the incorporation of hidden variables as one of the fundamental assumptions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-19 Ryo Takakura , Kei Morisue , Issei Watanabe , Gen Kimura

The reason for recalling this old paper is the ongoing discussion on the attempts of circumventing certain assumptions leading to the Bell theorem (Hess-Philipp, Accardi). If I correctly understand the intentions of these Authors, the idea…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Marek Czachor

Bell's theorem states that some quantum correlations can not be represented by classical correlations of separated random variables. It has been interpreted as incompatibility of the requirement of locality with quantum mechanics. We point…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Igor V. Volovich

It has been shown that quantum paradoxes have followed from one special assumption, i.e., from attributing basic physical meaning to Hamiltonian eigenfunctions and representing all physical states by vectors of the Hilbert space spanned on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Milos V. Lokajicek

The machinery of quantum mechanics is fully capable of describing a single realistic world. Here we discuss the converse: in spite of appearances, and indeed numerous claims to the contrary, any quantum mechanical model can be mimicked, up…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-15 Gerard t Hooft

One of the most striking non-classical features of quantum mechanics is in the correlations it predicts between spatially separated measurements. In local hidden variable theories, correlations are constrained by Bell inequalities, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-16 Matty J. Hoban , Dan E. Browne

In a recent note, Cavalcanti and Scarani (CS) constructed a counter local-hidden-variable model to explain the violation of our inequalities in Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 170404 (2010). Here, we briefly discuss some issues in response to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Se-Wan Ji , Jaewan Kim , Hai-Woong Lee , M. S. Zubairy , Hyunchul Nha

Since the analysis by John Bell in 1965, the consensus in the literature is that von Neumann's 'no hidden variables' proof fails to exclude any significant class of hidden variables. Bell raised the question whether it could be shown that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Jeffrey Bub

We perform frequency analysis of the EPR-Bell argumentation. One of the main consequences of our investigation is that the existence of probability distributions of the Kolmogorov-type which was supposed by some authors is a mathematical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei Khrennikov

In a local realist world view, physical properties are defined prior to and independent of measurement, and no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light. Proper experimental violation of a Bell inequality would show…