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We show how to decompose any density matrix of the simplest binary composite systems, whether separable or not, in terms of only product vectors. We determine for all cases the minimal number of product vectors needed for such a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Anna Sanpera , Rolf Tarrach , Guifre Vidal

Inspired by the realignment or computable cross norm criterion, we present a new result about the characterization of quantum entanglement. Precisely, an interesting class of inequalities satisfied by all separable states of a bipartite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-29 Paolo Aniello , Cosmo Lupo

We study the normal form of multipartite density matrices. It is shown that the correlation matrix (CM) separability criterion can be improved from the normal form we obtained under filtering transformations. Based on CM criterion the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Ming Li , Shao-Ming Fei , Zhi-Xi Wang

We present an approach to characterize genuine multiparticle entanglement using appropriate approximations in the space of quantum states. This leads to a criterion for entanglement which can easily be calculated using semidefinite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-13 Bastian Jungnitsch , Tobias Moroder , Otfried Gühne

Detecting entanglement in many-body quantum systems is crucial but challenging, typically requiring multiple measurements. Here, we establish the class of states where measuring connected correlations in just $\textit{one}$ basis is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 Roopayan Ghosh , Sougato Bose

Covariance matrices are a useful tool to investigate correlations and entanglement in quantum systems. They are widely used in continuous variable systems, but recently also for finite dimensional systems powerful entanglement criteria in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-22 Oleg Gittsovich , Otfried Gühne

Many-body quantum systems can be characterised using the notions of \emph{k}-separability and entanglement depth. A quantum state is \emph{k}-separable if it can be expressed as a mixture of \emph{k} entangled subsystems, and its…

A general framework is developed for separating classical and quantum correlations in a multipartite system. Entanglement is defined as the difference in the correlation information encoded by the state of a system and a suitably defined…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Hossein Partovi

We present a review of the problem of finding out whether a quantum state of two or more parties is entangled or separable. After a formal definition of entangled states, we present a few criteria for identifying entangled states and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-10 Sreetama Das , Titas Chanda , Maciej Lewenstein , Anna Sanpera , Aditi Sen De , Ujjwal Sen

In quantum physics, multiparticle systems are described by quantum states acting on tensor products of Hilbert spaces. This product structure leads to the distinction between product states and entangled states; moreover, one can quantify…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Lisa T. Weinbrenner , Albert Rico , Kenneth Goodenough , Xiao-Dong Yu , Otfried Gühne

Quantum state tomography, the ability to deduce the density matrix of a quantum system from measured data, is of fundamental importance for the verification of present and future quantum devices. It has been realized in systems with few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-22 M. Cramer , M. B. Plenio

We propose an algorithm which proves a given bipartite quantum state to be separable in a finite number of steps. Our approach is based on the search for a decomposition via a countable subset of product states, which is dense within all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Florian Hulpke , Dagmar Bruss

Entanglement distillation is a basic task in quantum information, and the distillable entanglement of three bipartite reduced density matrices from a tripartite pure state has been studied in [Phys. Rev. A 84, 012325 (2011)]. We extend this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-09 Yize Sun , Lin Chen

The Computable Cross Norm (CCN), or realignment criterion, is a widely used method for entanglement detection in quantum systems; however, it typically provides only a necessary condition. In this work, we advance the applicability of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Amish Gogia , Aakhyat Bagga , Satyabrata Adhikari , Mukhtiyar Singh

In this paper, an intuitive mathematical formulation is provided to generalize the residual entanglement for tripartite systems of qubits (Phys. Rev. A \textbf{61}, 052306 (2000)) to the tripartite systems in higher dimension. The spirit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Chang-shui Yu He-shan Song

The separability of bipartite non-Gaussian states is studied by applying the realignment criterion with the technique of functional analysis. The realignment criterion is given as one inequality in contrast to the infinitive number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-05 Xiao-yu Chen , Li-zhen Jiang , Ping Yu , Mingzhen Tian

Inspired by the `computable cross norm' or `realignment' criterion, we propose a new point of view about the characterization of the states of bipartite quantum systems. We consider a Schmidt decomposition of a bipartite density operator.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-16 Cosmo Lupo , Paolo Aniello , Antonello Scardicchio

In the past decades, quantum entanglement has been recognized to be the basic resource in quantum information theory. A fundamental need is then the understanding its qualification and its quantification: Is the quantum state entangled, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-20 Szilárd Szalay

We investigate classification and detection of entanglement of multipartite quantum states in a very general setting, and obtain efficient $k$-separability criteria for mixed multipartite states in arbitrary dimensional quantum systems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-26 Ting Gao , Yan Hong , Yao Lu , Fengli Yan

The concept of entanglement and separability of quantum states is relevant for several fields in physics. Still, there is a lack of effective operational methods to characterise these features. We propose a method to certify quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-06 Ties-A. Ohst , Xiao-Dong Yu , Otfried Gühne , H. Chau Nguyen