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We emphasize that standard quantum theory (SQT) is incomplete because it doesn't describe what is experimentally observed, namely events, nor does it satisfactorily define the circumstances under which events may occur. Simple models are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Philip Pearle

Causal reasoning is essential to science, yet quantum theory challenges it. Quantum correlations violating Bell inequalities defy satisfactory causal explanations within the framework of classical causal models. What is more, a theory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-05 Jonathan Barrett , Robin Lorenz , Ognyan Oreshkov

Causality never gained the status of a "law" or "principle" in physics. Some recent literature even popularized the false idea that causality is a notion that should be banned from theory. Such misconception relies on an alleged…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-19 Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano

A local conception is proposed to reconcile quantum theory with general relativity, which allows one to avoid some difficulties --- as e.g. vacuum catastrophe --- of the global approach.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Hrasko

Nonlocality and contextuality are at the root of conceptual puzzles in quantum mechanics, and are key resources for quantum advantage in information-processing tasks. Bell nonlocality is best understood as the incompatibility between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-18 Eric G. Cavalcanti

According to the theory of relativity and causality, a special type of correlation beyond quantum mechanics is possible in principle under the name of {\it non-local box}. The concept has been introduced from the principle of non-locality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-16 Wonmin Son

Theories involving localized collapse allow the possibility that classical information could be obtained about quantum states without using POVMS and without allowing superluminal signalling. We can model this by extending quantum theory to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 Adrian Kent

Quantum mechanics permits nonlocality - both nonlocal correlations and nonlocal equations of motion - while respecting relativistic causality. Is quantum mechanics the unique theory that reconciles nonlocality and causality? We consider two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Sandu Popescu , Daniel Rohrlich

A century after the advent of Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity, both theories enjoy incredible empirical success, constituting the cornerstones of modern physics. Yet, paradoxically, they suffer from deep-rooted, so-far intractable,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-20 Elizabeth S. Gould , Niayesh Afshordi

We discuss the locality problem in relativistic and nonrelativistic quantum theory. We show that there exists a formulation of quantum theory that, on one hand, preserves the mathematical apparatus of the standard quantum mechanics and, on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-25 D. A. Slavnov

Causal modelling provides a powerful set of tools for identifying causal structure from observed correlations. It is well known that such techniques fail for quantum systems, unless one introduces `spooky' hidden mechanisms. Whether one can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-28 Fabio Costa , Sally Shrapnel

Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment investigates the indeterminacy of wave-particle duality and the role played by the measurement apparatus in quantum theory. Due to the inconsistency with classical physics, it has been generally believed…

A history of the discovery of quantum mechanics and paradoxes of its interpretation is reconsidered from the modern point of view of quantum stochastics and information. It is argued that in the orthodox quantum mechanics there is no place…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 V. P. Belavkin

We expect a theory of Quantum Gravity to be both probabilistic and have indefinite causal structure. Indefinite causal structure poses particular problems for theory formulation since many of the core ideas used in the usual approaches to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-04-02 Lucien Hardy

Bell's theorem, a cornerstone of quantum theory, shows that quantum correlations are incompatible with a classical theory of cause and effect. Through the lens of causal inference, it can be understood as a particular case of causal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-30 Pedro Lauand , Bereket Ngussie Bekele , Elie Wolfe

Quantum theory can be viewed as a generalization of classical probability theory, but the analogy as it has been developed so far is not complete. Whereas the manner in which inferences are made in classical probability theory is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-04 M. S. Leifer , R. W. Spekkens

One of the conclusions that Bell drew from his famous inequality was that any hidden variable theory that satisfies Local Causality is incompatible with the predictions of Quantum Mechanics for Bell's Experiment. However, Local Causality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Joanna Luc

Probability is distinguished into two kinds: physical and epistemic, also, but less accurately, called objective and subjective. Simple postulates are given for physical probability, the only novel one being a locality condition. Translated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Simon Saunders

Involving only the measurements of commuting observables - the problem-setting and the corresponding solution - quantum algorithms should be subject to classical logic. This would allow flanking their customary quantum description with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Giuseppe Castagnoli

We consider the reversible processes between two one-to-one correlated measurement outcomes which underly both problem-solving and quantum nonlocality. In the former case the two outcomes are the setting and the solution of the problem, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Giuseppe Castagnoli