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In the semiclassical treatment of gravity, an external observer can measure only the mean (not the exact) mass of the black hole (BH). By contrast, in fully quantum gravity the exact (not only mean) BH mass is measurable by the external…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-06-10 H. Nikolic

By fully exploiting the existence of the unitarily inequivalent representations of quantum fields, we exhibit the entanglement between inner and outer particles, with respect to the event horizon of a black hole. We compute the entanglement…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 A. Iorio , G. Lambiase , G. Vitiello

To ask a question about a black hole in quantum gravity, one must restrict initial or boundary data to ensure that a black hole is actually present. For two-dimensional dilaton gravity, and probably a much wider class of theories as well,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 S. Carlip

In this paper we shall consistently third quantize modified gravity. Then we shall analyse certain aspects of virtual black holes in this third quantized modified gravity. We will see how a statistical mechanical origin for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Mir Faizal

When discussing the black hole information problem the term ``information flow'' is frequently used in a rather loose fashion. In this article I attempt to make this notion more concrete. I consider a Hilbert space which is constructed as a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-08 Andreas Albrecht

Hawking showed that a black hole formed by collapse will emit radiation and eventually disappear. We address the challenge to define an objective notion of physical entropy which increases throughout this process in a way consistent with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-18 Bernard S. Kay

We discuss an evaporation of (2+1)-dimensional black hole by using quantum gravity holding in the vicinity of the black hole horizon. It is shown that the black hole evaporates at a definite rate by emitting matters through the quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 Ichiro Oda

In a remarkable numerical analysis of the spectrum of states for a spherically symmetric black hole in loop quantum gravity, Corichi, Diaz-Polo and Fernandez-Borja found that the entropy of the black hole horizon increases in what resembles…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Hanno Sahlmann

We propose a quantum description of black holes. The degrees of freedom to be quantized are identified with the microscopic degrees of freedom of the horizon, and their dynamics is governed by the action of the relatistic bosonic membrane…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Michele Maggiore

We investigate the possibility of statistical explanation of the black hole entropy by counting quasi-bounded modes of thermal fluctuation in two dimensional black hole spacetime. The black hole concerned is quantum in the sense that it is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Y. Itoh , M. Hotta , T. Futamase , M. Morikawa

A coarse-grained description for the formation and evaporation of a black hole is given within the framework of a unitary theory of quantum gravity preserving locality, without dropping the information that manifests as macroscopic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-04-24 Yasunori Nomura , Jaime Varela , Sean J. Weinberg

General probabilistic theories are designed to provide operationally the most general probabilistic models including both classical and quantum theories. In this letter, we introduce a systematic method to construct a series of entropies,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-26 Gen Kimura , Junji Ishiguro , Makoto Fukui

Heating processes inside large black holes can produce tremendous amounts of entropy. Locality requires that this entropy adds on space-like surfaces, but the resulting entropy (10^10 times the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy in an example…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-28 Gavin Polhemus , Andrew J. S. Hamilton , Colin S. Wallace

We study the validity of Bekenstein's entropy bound for a charged black hole in the context of nonlinear electrodynamics. Bekenstein's inequalities are commonly understood as universal relations between the entropy, the charge, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-30 F. T. Falciano , M. L. Peñafiel , J. C. Fabris

We show that the apparent horizon and the region near $r=0$ of an evaporating charged, rotating black hole are timelike. It then follows that for black holes in nature, which invariably have some rotation, have a channel, via which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-27 Samuel L. Braunstein , Saurya Das , Zhi-Wei Wang

Interior volume within the horizon of a black hole is a non-trivial concept which turns out to be very important to explain several issues in the context of quantum nature of black hole. Here we show that the entropy, contained by the {\it…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-05-31 Bibhas Ranjan Majhi , Saurav Samanta

Continuity across the shock wave of two regions in the metric during the formation of a black hole can be relaxed in order to achieve information preservation. A Planck scale sized spacetime discontinuity leads to unitarity (a constant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-04 Michael R. R. Good

We deal with the black hole information loss paradox by showing that the stimulated emission component of the black hole radiation contains information about the initial state of the system. The nonlocal behaviour that allows the recovery…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 R. Mueller , Carlos O. Lousto

An examination of the constraints of quantum gravity leads to a clear physical picture for how information about the initial state is transferred to the Hawking radiation that emerges from a black hole.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-25 Suvrat Raju

We generalize the vacuum-Unruh effect to arbitrary excited states in the Fock space and find that the Unruh mode at the horizon induces coherent excitation on the canonical background ensemble measured by an accelerated observer. When there…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-29 Angela Chen